据安迅思2月2８日消息称，壳牌公司计划在德国通过农作物和可再生能源生产航空燃料和石脑油，并将一个生产无化石氢的电解工厂扩大到商业规模，以寻求摆脱原油。
这家能源巨头在一次在线会议上表示，它已向欧盟和德国申请了用于开展这项工作的专项脱碳资金补贴。壳牌德国公司负责人Fabian Ziegler说，每年应该花费数亿欧元，但他没有给出公司和公共资金的理想比例。
壳牌全球集团已设定了自己的目标，即到2050年实现净零排放。壳牌计划在德国莱茵炼油厂，利用绿色电力和生物质以无碳的方式生产合成的电力制液（ptl），以长期取代传统的航空燃料和石脑油。100000吨/年的ptl工厂将于2023年建成，2025年投产。
壳牌还提供了建造一个100兆瓦的电解工厂的时间表，该工厂将被称为Refhyne II，从现有的10兆瓦工厂扩大规模。当生产过程中使用可再生能源发电时，氢气被视为一种绿色燃料。壳牌已开始获得海上风力发电资产，可以将这些资产产生的电力用作电解的原料。
通过对虚拟电厂运营商Next Kraftwerke的最新收购，该公司获得了生物质发电和太阳能发电厂的接入权。Ziegler表示，Refhyne II的最终投资决定将于今年做出，生产可能会在2025年底开始。
柏林政府去年夏天拨出70亿欧元用于在德国建设绿色氢燃料，另外还有20亿欧元用于与其他国家建立伙伴关系，在各个行业和能源领域引进这种替代燃料。该市场的建设将需要多年时间，但到2030年有明确的目标，并计划改造现有的天然气和石油运输基础设施，例如围绕现有炼油厂集群。
氢的能量含量很高，但电解过程中的转化损失和运输准备的高昂成本构成了挑战。他说，生产每公斤5-6欧元的绿色氢的成本必须降低，因为基于化石燃料的氢成本为每公斤1.50欧元。壳牌希望建立氢的运输配送链，并提供充电服务。
朱佳妮 摘译自 安迅思
原文如下：
Shell aims to produce clean aviation fuel, naphtha
Royal Dutch Shell in Germany aims to produce aviation fuel and naphtha made from crops and renewable power and to increase to commercial scale an electrolysis plant that makes fossil-free hydrogen, as it seeks to move away from crude oil.
The energy major told an online conference it had applied for subsidies to carry out the work from the European Union and from German funds earmarked for decarbonisation. Fabian Ziegler, head of Shell Deutschland, said several hundred million euros should be spent per year, but he did not give a desired ratio between company and public funding.
The global Shell group has set itself a goal of net zero emissions by 2050. At Wesseling, part of the Rheinland refinery, Shell plans to use green electricity and biomass to produce synthetic power-to-liquids (ptl) in a carbon-free way to replace, over the long term, conventional jet fuel and naphtha. The 100,000 tonnes/p.a. ptl plant could be built from 2023 and start producing in 2025.
Shell also gave a timeline for building a 100 megawatt (MW) electrolysis plant, to be called Refhyne II, scaling up from an existing 10 MW plant. Hydrogen is considered a green fuel when electricity from renewable energy sources is used in its production. Shell has begun securing offshore wind power assets whose electricity it could use as feedstock for electrolysis.
Through its latest purchase of Next Kraftwerke, a virtual power plant (VPP) operator, it gets access to aggregated biomass-to-power and solar plants. A final investment decision for Refhyne II is due this year and production could start by the end of 2025, Ziegler said.
The Berlin government last summer earmarked 7 billion euros for the build-up of green hydrogen in Germany, plus a further 2 billion euros to set up partnerships with other countries, to introduce the alternative fuel across industries and energy. The market's build-up will take many years but there are clear targets in place for 2030, accompanied by plans to repurpose existing gas and oil transport infrastructure for example around existing refinery clusters.
Hydrogen has a high energy content by mass, but conversion losses from electrolysis and high costs involved in readying it for delivery pose challenges. Costs of producing green hydrogen of 5-6 euros per kg must come down, given that fossil fuels-based hydrogen costs 1.50 euros/kg, he said. Shell wants to build up transport sector delivery chains for hydrogen and provide electric charging.
