据油价网2021年2月3日伦敦报道，挪威著名能源研究和商业情报公司雷斯塔能源公司估计，尽管新冠肺炎疫情在全球大流行，但去年全球海上风电装机容量增长了15%，从2019年底的27.7吉瓦增至31.9吉瓦。中国是去年全球新增海上风电装机容量增长的主要贡献者，占去年全球新增的39%，其次是荷兰(18%)和英国(17%)。Rystad Energy预计，今年全球海上风电装机容量将进一步增加11.8吉瓦，比去年的31.9吉瓦大幅增加37%。中国将继续引领新增产能，对预期增长的贡献率为63%。
然而，随着第一波新冠病毒疫情的平息，在几个国家提高海上风电装机容量目标的支持下，海上风电市场回到了增长轨道。尽管在不确定的市场中保持弹性是去年的关键，但今年这个行业发现自己将迎来创纪录的增长，尤其是在亚洲和世界各地的试运转活动加快步伐之际。
2021年以后，中国将开始逐步取消上网电价，因此许多开发商正在推动在未来一段时间内完成项目。因此，预计今年中国的风电产能将大幅增加。
Rystad Energy海上风电产品经理Alexander Fl?tre表示，“去年中国有超过10吉瓦的建设积压，中国开发商正在竞相争取在今年年底前达到最大的试运行，以便获得全额上网电价。这意味着今年中国装机容量将大幅增加，特别是一些最初计划在去年投产的项目因新冠肺炎疫情大流行最终推迟到2021年。”
欧洲和美国的项目也因疫情而出现了一些延迟。苏格兰50兆瓦Kincardine海上浮式风力发电项目和丹麦Kriegers Flak联合电网解决方案的第二阶段开发商不得不推迟启动。在美国，丹麦参与者?rsted在去年10月份宣布，由于许可问题，5个海上风电项目将推迟至少一年。
然而，海上风电开发商仍然坚持他们的雄心壮志，并继续在2020年对项目做出最终投资决定。英国批准了超过4.7吉瓦的海上风力发电，荷兰紧随其后批准了超过2.2吉瓦的海上风力发电。因此，英国的Triton Knoll、荷兰的Borssele 3 & 4和丹麦的Kriegers Flak等重大项目预计将在今年完成。
去年下半年，全球积压的海上风电装机容量增加了近25吉瓦。目前，巴西没有可运营的海上风力发电能力，但在去年，由于该国新增了超过15吉瓦的风力发电能力，其积压数量显著增加。
李峻 编译自 油价网
原文如下：
The Global Wind Energy Industry Is Set To Explode In 2021
Despite the Covid-19 pandemic, the world’s installed offshore wind capacity rose by 15% in 2020, reaching 31.9 gigawatts (GW) at year-end, from 27.7 GW at the end of 2019, Rystad Energy estimates. China was the main contributor in 2020, accounting for 39% of last year’s additions, followed by the Netherlands (18%) and the UK (17%). Rystad Energy expects the global installed offshore wind capacity to further increase by 11.8 GW in 2021, a monumental 37% step-up compared to 31.9 GW in 2020. China will continue to lead the new capacity additions, contributing 63% of the expected growth.
However, with the first wave of the virus settling, the offshore wind market returned to a growth trajectory, supported by increased capacity targets from several nations. While staying resilient in an uncertain market was key in 2020, this year the industry finds itself positioned for record growth, especially as commissioning activities pick up pace in Asia and around the world.
After 2021, China will begin phasing out feed-in-tariffs and many developers are therefore pushing to complete projects during the coming period. As such, this year is expected to see high capacity additions in the country.
“China had a construction backlog of more than 10 GW going into 2020, and Chinese developers are racing to reach maximum commissioning by the end of the year in order to claim full feed-in-tariffs. This means 2021 is going to see major capacity additions, particularly since some projects initially scheduled for commissioning in 2020 ended up slipping into 2021,” says Alexander Fl?tre, Rystad Energy’s Product Manager for Offshore Wind.
Europe and the U.S. also saw some delays due to the pandemic. The developers of the second phase of the 50 MW Kincardine floating offshore wind project in Scotland and the Kriegers Flak combined grid solution in Denmark had to delay start-up. In the US, Danish player ?rsted announced in October delays of at least one year for five projects due to permitting issues.
Nevertheless, offshore wind developers stayed committed to their ambitions and continued to make final investment decisions for projects in 2020. The UK sanctioned more than 4.7 GW of offshore wind and the Netherlands followed with over 2.2 GW. As a result, major projects such as Triton Knoll in the UK, Borssele 3 & 4 in the Netherlands, and Kriegers Flak in Denmark are expected to be completed during 2021.
In the second half of last year, almost 25 GW of capacity was added to the global backlog. Currently, Brazil has no operational offshore wind capacity, but its backlog grew significantly during 2020 as the country added more than 15 GW to the drawing board.
