据ICIS网站3月9日消息 美国能源信息署（EIA）周二公布的数据显示，2020年美国原油产量下降93.5万桶/日，平均为1130万桶/日，较2019年1220万桶/日的创纪录年平均高位下降8%。
该机构表示，产量下降是有记录以来最大的年度降幅，主要受2020年期间钻井活动减少和油价走低影响。
2020年1月，美国原油产量达到峰值1280万桶/日，但在3月，由于冠状病毒大流行的爆发导致原油需求突然下降，原油价格下降。
EIA称，下降的速度导致运营商关闭油井，限制油井上线数量，从而降低了产油区的产量。
5月份，美国原油产量已达到今年最低的月平均产量，为1000万桶/日。
美国墨西哥湾海岸的生产受到了去年历史上过度活跃的飓风季节的显著影响，墨西哥湾受到了几次飓风和热带风暴的袭击，导致运营商停产。
EIA称，墨西哥湾联邦近海原油产量在2020年下降24.5万桶/日，年平均为165万桶/日，为各地区原油产量降幅最大的地区。
2020年，德克萨斯州的原油产量超过美国任何其他地区，占全国总产量的43%。
2020年，孤星州的平均原油产量为487万桶/日，比2019年创下的507万桶/日的纪录高位减少了20.5万桶/日。
今年2月中旬，寒流席卷美国墨西哥湾沿岸，破坏了能源系统，给石油设施带来压力，并影响了美国中西部和德克萨斯内陆地区的石油产品管道，目前该地区仍处于动荡之中。
根据EIA的每周供应估计，截至2月19日当周，美国原油产量降至970万桶/日，低于前一周的1080万桶/日。
受冬季风暴影响，墨西哥湾沿岸炼油厂原油产量也减少了240万桶/日，这是自2017年9月飓风哈维影响以来最大的一周降幅。
在北达科他州，产量下降了24.2万桶/日，年平均值为118万桶/日，而俄克拉荷马州的降幅最大，为19%，2020年的年平均值为46.9万桶/日。
然而，新墨西哥州的原油产量在2020年增长最大，增加了13.3万桶/日，达到创纪录的104万桶/日。该州的增长来自二叠纪盆地，该盆地横跨德克萨斯州西部和新墨西哥州东部。
王磊 摘译自 ICIS
原文如下：
US crude output falls 8% in 2020, breaks records – EIA
US crude oil production dropped down 935,000 bbl/day for an average of 11.3m bbl/day in 2020, an 8% decline from the record annual average high of 12.2m bbl/day in 2019, according to data released by the Energy Information Administration on Tuesday.
The production decline, which is the largest annual decline on record, resulted from reduced drilling activity and low oil prices during 2020, the agency said.
In January 2020, US crude output reached a peak of 12.8m bbl/day, but in March as the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic caused a sudden drop in crude demand, crude oil prices decreased.
The declining rates led to operators to shut in wells and limit the number of wells brought online, thus lowering the output in oil-producing regions, the EIA said.
By May, US crude oil output had reached its lowest average monthly volume for the year at 10m bbl/day.
Production in the US Gulf Coast was significantly impacted by a historically overactive hurricane season last year, with several hurricanes and tropical storms hitting the Gulf of Mexico, causing operators to platforms and shut in production.
Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico crude output fell 245,000 bbl/day to an annual average of 1.65m bbl/day in 2020, the largest decrease in crude production by region, the EIA said.
The state of Texas produced more crude oil than any other region in the US at 43% of the national total in 2020.
Crude oil production in the lone star state averaged 4.87m bbl/day in 2020, a decrease of 205,000 bbl/day from the record high set in 2019 of 5.07m bbl/day.
The area is still reeling from the impact of the cold snap that swept the US Gulf Coast in mid-February that disrupted energy systems, put pressure on the petroleum complex and affected petroleum product pipelines in the US Midwest and inland regions of Texas.
US crude production fell to 9.7m bbl/day on the week ended 19 February, down from 10.8m bbl/day from the previous week, according to weekly supply estimates by the EIA.
Gulf coast refinery crude runs also decreased by 2.4m bbl/day because of the winter storm, the largest weekly decline since the impact of Hurricane Harvey in September 2017.
In North Dakota, output fell 242,000 bbl/day to an annual average of 1.18m bbl/day while Oklahoma had the largest percentage decrease at 19%, with its annual average failing to 469,000 bbl/day in 2020.
However, New Mexico had the largest increase in crude oil production in 2020, where it rose by 133,000 bbl/day to a record average of 1.04m bbl/day. The growth in the state came from the Permian Basin, which spans parts of western Texas and eastern New Mexico.
