据彭博新闻社2021年3月25日休斯敦报道，美国达拉斯联邦储备银行日前进行的最新调查的结果显示，由于在去年原油价格出现历史性暴跌以后钻井活动开始增加，美国页岩勘探公司开始看到页岩成本上升的迹象。
近100家美国页岩生产商的高管们在达拉斯联邦储备银行举办的最新季度调查中表示，要想有利地钻一口新井需要的油价是每桶52美元。与去年此时相比，这个数字增长了6%。为了弥补现有井的成本，页岩勘探公司需要每桶31美元的油价，这比去年增加了3%。3月24日，西德克萨斯中质原油期货价格约为每桶60美元。
尽管在向股东返还现金的压力下，美国页岩勘探公司誓言要保持克制，但由于油价在去年新冠肺炎疫情大流行导致的需求崩溃以后反弹，页岩盆地正在重新焕发生机。由于油田服务巨头斯伦贝谢公司、贝克休斯公司和哈里伯顿公司将重心转向海外市场，美国国内钻井和完井的承包商数量减少，钻井活动也随之增加。
达拉斯联邦储备银行周三发布的报告引用了一名身份不明的调查受访者的话说，“过去一年供应商和其他服务的流失将导致钻井作业无法及时完成”。
在接受调查的油田服务高管中，超过四分之三的高管表示，他们预计今年油田服务的价格将会上涨。尽管过去几个月在用钻机数一直在稳步恢复，但迄今仍只有去年年初水平的一半左右。
报告称，在连续7个季度出现裁员的负面数据后，达拉斯联邦储备银行的就业指数在今年第一季度转为正值，这主要是受油田服务公司的推动。
李峻 编译自 彭博新闻社
原文如下：
Poll Shows Uptick in Shale Costs
Explorers in the U.S. shale patch are starting to see signs of higher costs as drilling begins to ramp up after last year’s historic crude crash, according to the latest poll conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
The oil price needed to profitably drill a new well is $52 a barrel, executives from almost 100 producers said in the bank’s latest quarterly survey. That’s an increase of 6%, compared with when the question was asked last year. To cover costs on existing wells, companies need $31, which is 3% more than than last year. West Texas Intermediate crude futures traded at about $60 on Wednesday.
Though explorers have vowed restraint amid pressure to return cash to shareholders, shale basins are rumbling back to life as oil prices rebound after last year’s pandemic-driven collapse in demand. The activity boost comes as oilfield service giants Schlumberger, Baker Hughes Co. and Halliburton Co. are pivoting toward greater growth abroad, leaving fewer contractors to drill and complete U.S. wells.
“The loss of suppliers and other services this past year will cause problems in being able to get work accomplished in a timely manner,” an unidentified survey respondent was quoted as saying in the report published Wednesday.
More than three quarters of oilfield service executives surveyed said they expect pricing for their work to increase this year. While drilling-rig use has been steadily recovering over the past few months, it remains at roughly half the level seen at the start of last year.
After seven straight quarters of negative readings that indicated cuts to headcount, the Dallas Fed’s employment index turned positive in the first three months of the year, driven primarily by oilfield service firms, according to the report.
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