据每日能源网站4月7日消息：在新冠肺炎大流行期间，美国去年的能源消耗比2019年减少7%，这是自1949年能源信息署(EIA)开始收集数据以来最大的年度降幅。
所有行业均出现下滑，尽管有些行业表现优于其他行业。由于大多数人被困在家里，交通运输受到了最大打击，今年下降15%。几乎所有降幅都是由于旅行限制的出现而减少了石油的使用。航空燃油使用量下降38%，汽车汽油下降13%，柴油下降7%。
商业和工业部门的能耗分别下降7%和5%。对于商业方面，这是由于企业关门、家庭订单工作以及天气稍暖所致。从工业方面看，美国对各种产品的需求减少导致原油和天然气产量下降，因此生产、精炼和加工产品的能源利用较少。商业用气消费下降11%，而电力零售额则下降6%。工业方面，所有主要能源都有所下降：煤炭下降16%，石油下跌4%，天然气下降2%，电力零售额下降8%。
此外，房产市场全年仅下跌1%。由于许多人在家里花费额外时间，该行业的电力销售实际上增长了2%。冬季气候变暖使得取暖所需能源消耗减少，生物质消耗下降16%，石油消耗下降11%，天然气消耗下降7%。
在去年之前，美国能源消耗的年度最大降幅为5%，发生在2008年至2009年经济衰退的核心时期。
冯娟 摘译自 每日能源
原文如下：
EIA: 2020 saw 7 percent decrease in U.S. energy consumption
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. energy consumption fell by 7 percent last year, compared to 2019, marking its largest annual fall since the Energy Information Administration (EIA) began gathering data in 1949.
All sectors were down, though some fared better than others. With most people bottled up at home, transportation understandably took the heaviest hit, falling by 15 percent to 24 quads for the year. Almost all of this was attributable to decreased petroleum use for travel, as travel restrictions sprang up. Jet fuel usage fell by 38 percent, motor gasoline by 13 percent, and diesel by 7 percent.
The commercial and industrial sectors experienced 7 and 5 percent reductions in energy consumption, respectively. For the commercial side, this was due to closed businesses, work from home orders, and somewhat warmer weather. On the industrial side, decreased U.S. demand for various products led to lower production of crude oil and natural gas, and therefore utilized less energy to produce, refine, and process products. Commercial gas consumption dropped 11 percent, while electricity retail sales fell by 6 percent. In industry, all major sources of energy fell: coal by 16 percent, petroleum by 4 percent, natural gas by 2 percent, and retail sales of electricity by 8 percent.
Rounding things out was the residential side of the market, which saw a mere 1 percent drop over the year. Sales of electricity to that sector actually increased by 2 percent due to many people spending extra time at home. Warmer winter weather brought less need to consume energy for heating, though, with consumption of biomass down by 16 percent, petroleum by 11 percent, and natural gas by 7 percent.
Until last year, the largest recorded annual decrease in U.S. energy consumption was 5 percent, which occurred between 2008 and 2009, in the heart of the economic recession.
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