据石油世界期刊4月19日里约热内卢报道，国有公司墨西哥国家石油公司(Pemex)的高硫燃料油（HSFO）过剩产量在美国找到了一个重要出口，帮助缓解了该公司最紧迫的问题之一。
去年，美国买家从墨西哥进口了50,000桶/天的HSFO，比2019年增加了56％。据石油分析公司Vortexa称，量最大的地方是休斯顿燃料油终端，其进口量为10,000桶/天。大约4000桶/日被送到雪佛龙的日产能34万桶的密西西比州帕斯卡古拉炼油厂，3000桶/日被送到佛罗里达州迈阿密游轮中心附近的雪佛龙Everglades港码头。根据Vortexa的数据显示，总部位于密苏里州圣路易斯的美国中游公司Apex Oil在2020年从墨西哥购买的HSFO(约2200桶/天)几乎是2019年的5倍，尽管今年迄今为止还没有一桶到达其终端。
墨西哥海关数据的分析显示，2020年，墨西哥对美国的HSFO出口占墨西哥日产量17.6万桶的28%。巴拿马、英国和马绍尔群岛去年从墨西哥收到了近5万桶/天的HSFO。
HSFO直到最近才被广泛用于发电和作为航运业的燃料。但国际海事组织(IMO)收紧了船用燃料的含硫量上限，加之对全球二氧化碳排放的环境担忧日益加剧，已大幅削减了需求，导致墨西哥国家石油公司积压了大量HSFO燃料，一直难以卸载。
2021年该问题加剧，1月墨西哥国家石油公司的燃料油产量同比增长84%，达到23.1万桶/日。国内只有三家炼油厂— 日产28.5万桶的Minatitlan、日产27.5万桶的Cadereyta和日产19万桶的Ciudad Madero工厂— 有焦化炉，可以将HSFO加工成更高价值的产品。
郝芬 译自 石油世界期刊
原文如下：
Pemex HSFO fuel oil bound to the U.S. market
State-owned Pemex's excess output of high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) has found a significant outlet in the US, helping alleviate one of the company's most pressing problems.
US buyers took in 50,000 b/d of HSFO from Mexico last year, up by 56pc from 2019. Among the most notable destinations was the Houston Fuel Oil Terminal, which took 10,000 b/d according to oil analytics firm Vortexa. Around 4,000 b/d went to Chevron's 340,000 b/d Pascagoula, Mississippi, refinery and 3,000 b/d was sent to Chevron's Port Everglades terminal near the cruise ship center of Miami, Florida. US midstream firm Apex Oil, based in St Louis, Missouri, bought almost five times as much HSFO from Mexico in 2020 — about 2,200 b/d — as in 2019, although none has arrived at its terminal so far this year, according to Vortexa.
Exports to the US accounted for 28pc of Mexico's 176,000 b/d HSFO outputin 2020, based on analysis of Mexican customs data. And Panama, the UK and the Marshall Islands between them received almost 50,000 b/d of HSFO from Mexico last year.
HSFO was until recently used widely for power generation and as fuel in the shipping industry. But tighter International Maritime Organisation (IMO) caps on the sulphur content of marine fuel and mounting environmental concerns over global CO2 emissions have slashed demand, leaving Pemex with a surplus of HSFO that it has been struggling to offload.
The problem has intensified in 2021, with Pemex's fuel oil output rising by 84pc year on year to 231,000 b/d in January. only three domestic refineries — the 285,000 b/d Minatitlan, 275,000 b/d Cadereyta, and 190,000 b/d Ciudad Madero plants — have cokers that can process HSFO into higher-value products.
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