据油价网2021年4月29日休斯敦报道，美国能源信息署(EIA)的《本周石油》报告显示，欧佩克+减产、石油总需求下降以及对外国轻质原油需求下降，导致去年美国从欧佩克进口原油的年进口量创下了1973年以来的最低水平。
据EIA估计，去年美国从欧佩克产油国的原油日均进口量仅为81.6万桶。欧佩克+减产以及沙特阿拉伯有意减少对最透明的市场美国的原油出口，是去年美国从欧佩克进口原油创纪录低位的原因之一。
另一个关键原因是，近年来美国原油产量的激增——使美国成为世界最大的原油生产国——主要是轻质和中质原油，因此自2005年以来，欧佩克或世界其他地方对轻质和中质原油的需求大幅下降。
EIA数据显示，尽管从欧佩克进口的原油触及历史最低水平，但美国对加拿大重质原油的购买却在增长，并继续保持高位。
尽管美国国内原油产量飙升，但美国从非欧佩克成员国，尤其是加拿大的原油进口量仍相对较高，因为加拿大的原油种类丰富，而美国的页岩油产区并不生产重质原油。
从2005年到2020年，美国从加拿大进口的原油平均增加了一倍多，达到360万桶/天。
EIA称，因此，加拿大在美国原油进口总额中所占份额增加，去年达到61%的创纪录高位。
EIA称，“美国从加拿大进口原油相对稳定，主要是加拿大原油生产和炼油经济的长期趋势所致。”
根据EIA的数据，自2005年达到峰值以来，美国原油进口总量已经下降了42%，2020年的平均进口量为590万桶/天，为1991年以来的最低水平。
李峻 编译自 油价网
原文如下：
U.S. Oil imports From OPEC Plunge To Lowest Since 1973
The OPEC+ production cuts, lower overall oil demand, and declining demand for foreign-sourced lighter crudes resulted in 2020 in the lowest annual American crude oil imports from OPEC in data going back to 1973, the Energy Information Administration’s ‘This Week in Petroleum’ note showed.
Last year, U.S. crude oil imports from OPEC producers averaged just 816,000 barrels per day (bpd), the EIA has estimated. The OPEC+ production cuts and the deliberate efforts from Saudi Arabia to reduce shipments to the most transparent market, the United States, played a role in last year’s record-low American oil imports from OPEC.
The other key reason was that the surging U.S. oil production in recent years—which made America the world’s top oil producer—was mostly of light and medium grades, so demand for such grades from OPEC or elsewhere in the world has significantly dropped since 2005.
While oil imports from OPEC hit the lowest on record, U.S. purchases of Canada’s heavy crude have grown and continue to remain high, the EIA data showed.
American imports from non-OPEC members, especially from Canada, have remained relatively high despite soaring domestic oil output, because of the heavy variety of Canada’s oil which the U.S. shale patch doesn’t produce.
Between 2005 and 2020, U.S. crude oil imports from Canada more than doubled to an average of 3.6 million bpd. As a result, Canada’s share of total U.S. crude oil imports increased and reached a record-high share of 61 percent last year, the EIA said.
“The comparatively stable U.S. crude oil imports from Canada are mostly the result of longer-term trends in Canada’s crude oil production and refining economics,” the EIA said.
Total American crude oil imports have dropped by 42 percent since their peak in 2005, and averaged 5.9 million bpd in 2020, the lowest level since 1991, according to EIA’s data.
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