据能源新闻4月27日消息称，能源转型委员会(ETC)周二在一份报告中称，从现在到2050年，全球使用氢的能源脱碳和其他行业将需要近15万亿美元的投资。
ETC是一个由能源行业高管组成的国际联盟，致力于在本世纪中叶实现净零排放，这是巴黎气候协议设定的目标。
支持者表示，基础设施投资以及交通、天然气网络和工业的更多需求将降低成本。
ETC表示，要在本世纪中叶实现全球一致同意的净零排放目标，清洁能源必须成为每个行业脱碳的核心，而氢将在钢铁和交通运输等行业的脱碳中发挥重要作用。
到本世纪中叶，氢的使用量预计将增长到每年5-8亿吨，占最终能源总需求的15-20%，目前为1.15亿吨。
ETC表示，到2050年，生产绿色氢需要零碳电力供应来增加3万太瓦时(TWh)，而一般脱碳需要9万太瓦时(TWh)。
这将需要大约15万亿美元的投资，在2030年代后期达到每年8000亿美元的峰值，不仅用于氢气生产，而且用于支持氢气使用量大幅增加的电力系统。
所需投资的85%将用于发电，15%将用于电解槽、制氢设施以及运输和存储基础设施。
由于压缩氢容器的容量有限，成本高昂，因此将需要大规模的地质储存来生产氢气。
朱佳妮 摘译自 能源新闻
原文如下：
$15 trillion global hydrogen investment needed to 2050
Decarbonising energy and other industries globally using hydrogen will require investment of almost $15 trillion between now and 2050, the Energy Transitions Commission (ETC) said in a report on Tuesday.
The ETC is an international coalition of executives from the energy industry committed to achieving net zero emissions by mid-century, a goal set by the Paris climate agreement.
Proponents say infrastructure investment and more demand from transport, gas grids and industry will bring the costs down.
The ETC said that to reach a globally agreed goal of net zero emissions by mid-century, clean power must be at heart of decarbonising every sector, and hydrogen will play an important role in decarbonising industries such as steel and transport.
Hydrogen use is forecast to grow to 500-800 million tonnes a year by mid-century, accounting for 15-20% of total final energy demand, from 115 million tonnes currently.
Producing green hydrogen will need zero-carbon electricity supply to increase by 30,000 terawatt hours (TWh) by 2050, on top of 90,000 TWh needed for decarbonisation generally, the ETC said.
This will require investment of around $15 trillion, peaking in the late 2030s at around $800 billion per annum, not just for hydrogen production but for the electricity system to support the massive increase in hydrogen use.
Around 85% of the required investment would be in electricity generation and 15% in electrolysers, hydrogen production facilities and transport and storage infrastructure.
Large-scale geological storage will be needed for the hydrogen produced, given the limited capacity and large costs of compressed hydrogen containers.
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