据The Energy Year网站4月25日报道，阿联酋正致力于成为未来氢经济的国际领导者，据估计，未来氢经济的市场潜力为11万亿美元。随着阿布扎比国家石油公司（ADNOC）和阿联酋清洁能源开发商马斯达尔（Masdar）发挥核心作用，以及2021年初达成的一系列氢协议，该国的长期氢战略正在形成。
据氢能源理事会(Hydrogen Council)的数据显示，30多个国家已经制定了氢能源发展规划，截至今年2月，整个价值链已宣布了228个大规模氢能源项目，其中85%位于欧洲、亚洲和澳大利亚。这意味着到2030年多达3000亿美元的投资，其中800亿美元可被视为成熟投资。
全球范围内氢年产量已达到7000万吨，其中96%来自化石燃料的蒸汽重整。这种所谓的灰色氢每年的碳足迹为8.3亿吨，每公斤成本约为1美元。“蓝氢”是一项正在开发的技术，其利用碳捕获和存储技术从“灰氢”中去除约50-70%的二氧化碳排放，每公斤成本至少为2美元。
另一方面，绿色氢是由使用可再生能源的电解产生的，目前每公斤的成本至少为4美元。当燃烧时，只产生氧气作为副产品。
绿色氢获得了最大的兴趣和动力，因为其86%的成本来自为电解槽提供动力的电力，所以风能和太阳能成本的持续快速下降将使这一选择在未来变得更便宜。其余14%的成本来自电解槽，到2030年，电解槽的成本还将下降60-90%，尤其得益于亚洲最大国家的大规模生产。
这些经济因素推动氢成为帮助世界实现巴黎协定目标的有价值的替代能源。国际可再生能源机构总干事弗朗西斯科·拉卡迈(Francesco La Camera)在接受《能源年》(the Energy Year)采访时表示，我们相信，到2050年，氢将发挥重要作用。他指出，投资者和政府对氢市场份额的青睐日益剧增。
此外，氢目前被视为实现能源密集型行业（如长途运输、航空、航运）和重工业（如钢铁、冶炼厂、铝和石化等）脱碳的最佳解决方案。一个原因是其每单位质量储存的能量是传统汽油的三倍。
郝芬 译自 The Energy Year
原文如下：
The hydrogen future takes shape in the UAE
The UAE is positioning itself to become an international leader in the future hydrogen economy, which has an estimated USD 11-trillion market potential. With ADNOC and Masdar taking central roles and a series of hydrogen agreements made in early 2021, the country’s long-term hydrogen strategy is taking shape.
According to the Hydrogen Council, more than 30 countries have hydrogen roadmaps and as of February, there were 228 large-scale hydrogen projects announced across the value chain, with 85% of those located in Europe, Asia and Australia. These represent a USD 300-billion investment up to 2030, of which USD 80 billion can be considered mature.
Worldwide production of hydrogen has already reached 70 million tonnes per year, 96% of which is produced from steam reformation of fossil fuels. This so-called grey hydrogen has a carbon footprint of 830 million tonnes per year and costs about USD 1 per kilogram. Blue hydrogen, a technology under development, uses carbon capture and storage to remove around 50-70% of the CO2 emissions from grey hydrogen and costs at least USD 2 per kilogram.
On the other hand, green hydrogen is produced by electrolysers running off renewable energy and currently costs at least USD 4 per kilogram. When combusted, it produces only oxygen as a byproduct.
Green hydrogen has garnered the most interest and momentum since 86% of its cost comes from the electricity to power the electrolysers, so the continuous and rapid decline of the costs of wind and solar power is set to make this option cheaper in the future. The remaining 14% of the cost comes from the electrolysers, whose costs are also set to decline by 60-90% by 2030, particularly thanks to mass production in the biggest country in Asia.
These economic factors are pushing hydrogen as a valuable alternative for assisting the world in reaching the Paris Agreement targets. “We believe that hydrogen will play a significant role by 2050,” Francesco La Camera, director-general of the International Renewable Energy Agency, told The Energy Year, citing “growing investor and government appetite” for s share in the hydrogen market.
Moreover, hydrogen is now seen as the best solution to decarbonise energy-intensive sectors such as long-haul transportation, aviation, shipping and heavy industries such as steel, smelters, aluminium and petrochemicals. One reason is that it stores three times as much energy per unit of mass than conventional petrol.
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