据烃加工网站5月14日消息 美国2020年燃料乙醇日出口量为8.7万桶，这是美国燃料乙醇出口量连续第二年下降，也是2015年以来的最低水平。美国燃料乙醇进口量在2020年也有所下降。2020年美国燃料乙醇出口量连续11年超过进口量。
2020年，美国燃料乙醇的年出口量下降了9%。同时，出口目的地从2019年的44个增加到2020年的52个。尽管与2019年相比，巴西和加拿大减少了从美国进口的燃料乙醇，但约40%的美国燃料乙醇出口到了这两个国家。
世界第二大燃料乙醇生产国和消费国巴西连续第二年大幅减少对美国燃料乙醇的进口，2020年降至13000桶/天。巴西的乙醇消费量较高，因为其燃料乙醇混合需求目前定为27%，而对含水乙醇（E100）的需求与传统的汽油混合燃料竞争。巴西主要用甘蔗生产燃料乙醇，因此，巴西在甘蔗收获期（5-10月）生产大部分燃料乙醇。巴西从美国进口的燃料乙醇通常在收获季节之间达到峰值。
美国和巴西是燃料乙醇的贸易伙伴。美国在2020年将从巴西进口的甘蔗燃料乙醇降至9000桶/天，比2019年的水平下降了4000桶/天。美国从巴西进口的燃料乙醇都是通过加州进入美国，因为根据加州的低碳燃料标准（LCFS），与国内玉米乙醇相比，这种燃料待遇优惠。根据LCFS评分系统，巴西的甘蔗乙醇排放的二氧化碳比美国的玉米乙醇源少。
2020年，美国对巴西的燃料乙醇出口下降，主要原因是巴西的免关税配额、巴西对降低燃料需求的COVID-19的反应以及巴西里亚尔对美元的贬值带来的不确定性。自2020年12月14日免关税燃料乙醇配额到期以来，美国所有出口到巴西的燃料乙醇都将面临20%的巴西关税。近期这一变化可能会降低美国对巴西的燃料乙醇出口量。
加拿大在2020年超过巴西，成为美国燃料乙醇出口的首要目的地。过去几年，加拿大燃料乙醇平均进口量为21000桶/天，基本保持不变。2020年，美国燃料乙醇出口的第三大目的地是印度，其次是韩国和荷兰。其余47个目的地的燃料乙醇出口量约占美国燃料乙醇出口量的三分之一。
吴恒磊 编译自 烃加工
原文如下：
U.S. exports of fuel ethanol fell for the second consecutive year
The United States exported 87,000 barrels per day (b/d) of fuel ethanol in 2020, marking the second consecutive annual drop in U.S. fuel ethanol exports and the lowest level since 2015. U.S. fuel ethanol imports also decreased in 2020. In 2020, the United States exported more fuel ethanol than it imported for the 11th consecutive year.
Annual U.S. fuel ethanol exports fell by 9% in 2020. At the same time, the number of export destinations increased from 44 in 2019 to 52 in 2020. Approximately 40% of all U.S. fuel ethanol exports went to Brazil and Canada, although both countries decreased their imports of fuel ethanol from the United States compared with 2019.
Brazil, the world’s second-largest producer and consumer of fuel ethanol, decreased its imports of U.S. fuel ethanol significantly for the second consecutive year, dropping to 13,000 b/d in 2020. Ethanol consumption is high in Brazil because of its fuel ethanol blending requirement, which is currently set at 27%, and demand for hydrous ethanol (E100), which competes with traditional gasoline blends. Brazil primarily produces fuel ethanol from sugarcane. As a result, Brazil produces most of its fuel ethanol during the sugarcane harvest period (May through October). Brazil’s imports of U.S. fuel ethanol typically peak in between harvest seasons.
The United States and Brazil are trade partners for fuel ethanol. The United States decreased its sugarcane fuel ethanol imports from Brazil in 2020 to 9,000 b/d, down 4,000 b/d from its 2019 level. U.S. fuel ethanol imports from Brazil all entered the United States through California because of the fuel’s favorable treatment compared with domestic corn ethanol under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). According to the LCFS scoring system, Brazil’s sugarcane ethanol emits less carbon dioxide than U.S. corn ethanol sources.
U.S. exports of fuel ethanol to Brazil declined in 2020 mostly as a result of uncertainty related to Brazil’s tariff-free quota, Brazil's responses to COVID-19 that decreased fuel demand, and the depreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar. All U.S. fuel ethanol exports to Brazil face a 20% Brazilian tariff since the tariff-free fuel ethanol quota expired on December 14, 2020. This recent change will likely lower U.S. fuel ethanol export volumes to Brazil in the near term.
Canada surpassed Brazil in 2020 to become the top destination for U.S. fuel ethanol exports. Canada’s average of 21,000 b/d of fuel ethanol imports has remained largely unchanged over the past few years. The third-largest destination in 2020 for U.S. fuel ethanol exports was India, followed by South Korea and the Netherlands. The remaining 47 destinations received approximately one-third of U.S. fuel ethanol exports.
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