据油价网2021年5月17日报道，美国能源信息署（EIA）周一（5月17日）表示，尽管在去年的封锁期间有更多的人待在家里工作或在线上学，但去年美国住宅能源消费量同比仍下降了4%。
EIA在其在新一期《月度能源回顾》报告中表示，去年冬季较温暖的几个月导致了供暖需求下降，这抵消了由于在家办公和远程教育而增加的零售用电。
由于许多人在家工作，即使限制放宽后仍继续在家工作，去年美国住宅部分的用电量与2019年相比增加了2%。据EIA称，夏季相对温暖的温度也有助于提高电力零售额，因为温暖的天气导致家庭空调用电量增加。
然而，EIA指出，更高的电力销售完全被去年冬季较低的空间供暖需求抵消了，去年冬季比平时更温暖，平均供暖天数(hdd)减少了15%。
与2019年前三个月相比，2020年1月、2月和3月的居民天然气消费量下降了15%，石油消费量下降了17%，木材消费量下降了15%。EIA称，由于空间供暖和水供暖是美国普通家庭最耗能的用途，它们占美国家庭能源使用的大约三分之二，因此空间供暖需求的降低导致去年美国住宅总能源使用总量下降了4%。
EIA的数据显示，去年美国所有行业的能源消耗总量为93千万亿百万英热单位，比2019年下降了7%。
无论从绝对值还是从百分比来看，这都是美国有记录以来最大的下降，主要是由于去年新冠肺炎疫情大流行给美国造成的确证和死亡人数。这使美国去年的能源消耗达到几十年来从未见过的绝对水平。根据EIA的数据，美国能源消耗的第二大降幅是在2008年至2009年之间，当时美国的能源消耗在经济衰退期间下降了5%。
李峻 编译自 油价网
原文如下：
U.S. Residential Energy Use Fell In 2020 Despite Lockdown
U.S. residential energy consumption fell by 4 percent year over year in 2020, even though more people stayed at home to work or attend school during the lockdowns last year, the EIA said on Monday.
Warmer winter months of 2020 led to lower demand for space heating, which offset increased electricity retail consumption because of work-from-home and remote schooling, the administration said in its Monthly Energy Review.
Electricity consumption in the residential sector increased by 2 percent last year compared to 2019, as many people worked from home and continued to work from home even after the restrictions were eased. Relatively warm temperatures in the summer also helped higher electricity retail sales as warm weather led to increased consumption of electricity for air conditioning at homes, according to the EIA.
The higher electricity sales, however, were entirely offset by lower demand for space heating in the winter months of 2020, which were warmer than usual and had 15 percent fewer heating degree days (HDDs) on average, the EIA noted.
Compared to the first three months of 2019, residential consumption of natural gas fell by 15 percent, petroleum by 17 percent, and wood by 15 percent in January, February, and March 2020. Since space and water heating are the most energy-intensive uses in the average U.S. home, and they account for about two-thirds of U.S. home energy use, lower demand for space heating resulted in an overall 4-percent decline in total U.S. residential energy use in 2020, the EIA said.
Total U.S. energy consumption in all sectors to just 93 quadrillion BTUs, last year fell down by 7 percent from 2019, according to data from the EIA.
The decrease was the largest one on record—both in absolute terms and percentage terms, and can mostly be attributed to the toll that the pandemic took on the United States last year. This brings U.S. energy consumption in 2020 to absolute levels not seen in decades. The next largest decrease in U.S. energy consumption was between 2008 and 2009, when U.S. energy consumption fell 5 percent during the economic recession, according to the EIA.
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