据烃加工网站5月21日消息 美国的交通量几乎已恢复到疫情前的水平。随着更多企业重新开业、国内休闲旅游恢复以及工人返回办公室，汽油消费也趋于正常。
根据联邦公路管理局2021年3月的数据，与两年前同期相比，3月份所有道路的交通量下降了不到4%。
2020年4月，在疫情的第一波高峰时期，交通量下降了41%。2020年12月，在第二波高峰时期，交通量仍下降了11%。
随着社会距离限制的放宽以及更多服务性企业和办公室的重新开放，4月和5月的汽车使用量可能进一步增加。
更多的驾驶意味着更多的油耗。
在截至5月14日的四周内，供应给国内市场的汽油量仅下降了4%，为890万桶/天，而疫情前的五年平均水平为930万桶/天。
随着更多员工重返办公室和国内旅游业复苏，第三季度剩余的驾驶和燃油短缺可能会被消除。
汽油消费的迅速正常化鼓励了汽车燃料生产的强劲恢复，汽车燃料生产已接近疫情前的水平。
据美国能源信息署称，与2015年至2019年的五年相比，炼油厂汽油产量仅下降了3%。
与驾车和消费赤字一样，炼油厂的汽油产量也可能在夏季达到疫情前的水平。
在疫情的第一波期间积累的巨大盈余已经被吸收。炼油厂、罐区和管道中的库存已恢复到疫情之前五年的平均水平。
受检疫限制，飞机燃油消耗仍然受到严重影响，但在汽油市场，只要没有感染的死灰复燃，疫情的影响似乎基本结束。
吴恒磊 编译自 烃加工
原文如下：
U.S. gasoline consumption nears pre-pandemic level
U.S. traffic volumes have almost returned to pre-pandemic levels, helping normalise gasoline consumption as more businesses re-open, domestic leisure travel resumes and workers return to offices.
The volume of traffic on all roads was down by less than 4% in March compared with the same month two years ago, according to the Federal Highway Administration (“Traffic volume trends” FHWA, March 2021).
Traffic levels had been down 41% in April 2020 at the height of the first wave of the pandemic and were still down 11% as recently as December 2020 during the second wave.
Car use likely increased further in April and May as social-distancing restrictions were relaxed and more service businesses and offices re-opened.
More driving means more fuel consumption.
The volume of gasoline supplied to the domestic market, a proxy for consumption, was down by just 4% at 8.9 million barrels per day in the four weeks to May 14 compared with the pre-pandemic five-year average of 9.3 million b/d.
The remaining driving and fuel deficits are likely to be erased over the third quarter as more employees return to central offices and domestic tourism recovers.
The rapid normalisation of gasoline consumption has encouraged a strong resumption of motor fuel production, which is nearing pre-pandemic levels.
Refinery gasoline production is down by just 3% compared with the five years from 2015 to 2019, according to the Energy Information Administration (“Weekly petroleum status report”, EIA, May 19).
Like the driving and consumption deficits, refiners’ gasoline production is likely to reach pre-pandemic levels during the summer (https://tmsnrt.rs/2QBYsAA).
The enormous surplus that accumulated during the pandemic's first wave has been absorbed. Inventories held at refineries, tank farms and in pipelines are back in line with the pre-COVID five-year average.
Jet fuel consumption is still severely affected by quarantine restrictions. But in the gasoline market the impact of the pandemic appears largely over, provided there is no resurgence of infections.
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