据油价网2021年5月24日报道，研究人员日前开发出了一个基于水泥的可充电电池的概念——这是世界上第一个这样的概念，他们暗示有一天可以把建筑物变成巨大的能源储存设施。
这个在实验室规模的概念证明是其一个早期阶段的想法，这种观念有挑战要克服。但是，瑞典的研究人员说，有一天，可充电的水泥基电池可能会成为未来的建筑材料，这些材料将具有额外的功能，如能源储存、偏远地区的4G连接，或混凝土基础设施的阴极保护，防止腐蚀。
瑞典查尔默斯理工大学的研究概述了一种由水泥制成的可充电电池的新概念。这一概念发表在科学期刊《建筑》上，包括添加少量短碳纤维的水泥基混合物，以增加导电性和弯曲韧性。研究人员随后在水泥基混合物中加入了金属涂层碳纤维网。在这个 网格中，他们选择铁和锌作为阳极，镍基氧化物作为阴极。通过添加短碳纤维对水泥基电解质的电导率进行了改性。
查尔默斯理工大学在一份声明中说：“与商业电池相比，这种电池的能量密度仍然很低，但由于电池在建筑中使用时体积巨大，这种限制可以被克服。”
研究人员表示，这种水泥基电池最重要的特点是可充电。这种电池的潜在应用可能是在能源储存、向LED供电或在偏远地区提供4G连接。
艾玛·张博士说：“例如，它还可以与太阳能电池板结合，为高速公路或桥梁的监控系统提供电力并成为能源来源，由混凝土 电池操作的传感器可以检测裂缝或腐蚀。”艾玛·张博士曾就职于查尔默斯理工大学建筑与土木工程系，现任瑞典德尔塔大学 高级发展科学家。
在实验室规模开发的概念仍然需要克服许多挑战，以成为解决能源转型中的世界能源储存问题的可行方法，并推动智能城市，以节约能源和减少建筑的温室气体排放。
根据研究人员自己的说法，在可充电水泥基电池的想法进入商业化阶段之前，这个概念中还有许多技术问题需要解决。
科学家们表示，如果水泥基电池的概念能够在现实生活中发挥作用，那么延长水泥基电池的使用寿命以及开发回收技术是需要 解决的关键技术问题。
“由于混凝土基础设施通常可以使用50年甚至100年，所以电池需要改进以匹配这一标准，或者在使用寿命结束时更容易更换和回收。目前，从技术角度来看，这是一个重大挑战。”尽管如此，研究人员相信，他们的创新概念电池可以为建筑和能源的未 来做出贡献。
查尔默斯理工大学建筑与土木工程系教授唐鲁平表示：“我们相信，这一概念将为未来的建筑材料提供更多的功能，比如可再生能源。”
如果这所大学的水泥基电池这一新颖概念能够超越实验室条件下的概念验证，那么有一天它将不仅能产生节能而且能产生能源 的建筑物，这将有助于实现减排目标，并为未来的智能城市提供动力。
李峻 编译自 油价网
原文如下：
Cement-based Batteries Could Solve The Energy Storage Problem
Researchers have developed a concept for a rechargeable battery based on cement—a world-first such concept that they suggest could one day turn buildings into giant energy storage facilities.
The proof of concept at lab scale is an idea in its early stages, and it has challenges to overcome. But one day, the researchers in Sweden say, rechargeable cement-based batteries could result in future building materials which will have additional functions such as energy storage, 4G connections in remote areas, or cathodic protection against corrosion in concrete infrastructure.
Research from the Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, outlined a new concept for rechargeable batteries which are made of cement. The concept, published in the scientific journal Buildings, includes a cement-based mixture with small amounts of short carbon fibers added to increase the conductivity and flexural toughness. The researchers then included metal-coated carbon fiber mesh in the cement-based mixture. In this mesh they picked iron and zinc as anodes, and nickel-based oxides as cathodes. The conductivity of cement-based electrolytes was modified by adding short carbon fibers.
“The energy density is still low in comparison to commercial batteries, but this limitation could be overcome thanks to the huge volume at which the battery could be constructed when used in buildings,” the Chalmers University of Technology said in a statement.
The most important quality of the concept cement-based battery is that it is rechargeable, the researchers say. Potential applications of such batteries could be in energy storage, powering LEDs, or providing 4G connections in remote areas.
“It could also be coupled with solar cell panels for example, to provide electricity and become the energy source for monitoring systems in highways or bridges, where sensors operated by a concrete battery could detect cracking or corrosion,” said Doctor Emma Zhang, formerly of the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at the Chalmers University of Technology, and now Senior Development Scientist at Delta of Sweden.
The concept developed at a lab scale still has many challenges to overcome to become a viable approach to solving the world’s energy storage problem in the energy transition and the push for smart cities that could conserve energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings.
According to the researchers themselves, there are many technical issues in the concept that should be solved before the idea of rechargeable cement-based batteries could move to the stage of commercialization.
The extension of the service life of cement-based batteries and the development of techniques for recycling them are the key technical questions that need to be solved if the concept can work in real life, the scientists say.
“Since concrete infrastructure is usually built to last fifty or even a hundred years, the batteries would need to be refined to match this, or to be easier to exchange and recycle when their service life is over. For now, this offers a major challenge from a technical point of view,” Emma Zhang said.
Still, the researchers believe that their innovative concept battery could contribute to the future of construction and energy.
“We are convinced this concept makes for a great contribution to allowing future building materials to have additional functions such as renewable energy sources,” said Luping Tang, Professor at the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at the Chalmers University of Technology.
If the university’s novel concept of a cement-based battery could be advanced beyond a proof of concept in lab conditions, it could one day lead to not only energy-efficient but energy-generating buildings that could help emission reduction goals and power the future smart cities.
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