据天然气工业6月25日消息称,在2021年6月的短期能源展望(STEO)中,EIA预测,由于天然气消费和天然气出口的预期增长超过了生产和进口的预期增长,美国天然气价格将在2021年至2022年期间较2020年上涨。我们还预测,2021年Henry Hub天然气现货价格平均为3.07美元/百万英热单位(MMBtu),较2020年的历史低点上涨了1.04美元/MMBtu。
美国天然气出口和其他所有天然气消费行业的天然气消费量的增长,以及电力行业的增长推动了Henry Hub现货价格的高企,这反映在了STEO。2021 年 2 月设定的高天然气价格将 2021 年的年平均价格推高,使 2021 年成为我们预测的峰值。
2021年2月的寒流影响了包括德克萨斯州在内的美国中部大部分地区,导致天然气供应减少,需求增加,导致接近创纪录水平的天然气库存减少,推动了极高的天然气价格。2021 年 2 月 Henry Hub 平均价格为 5.35 美元/MMBtu,比 2020 年 2 月高出 3.44美元/MMBtu。尽管价格没有保持高位,但2月份的价格提高了2021年的平均价格。
2021年美国天然气需求的增长主要是由于从2020年到2021年美国天然气出口增加了38亿立方英尺/天。我们预计,2021年美国管道天然气和液化天然气的平均出口量将分别达到183亿立方英尺/天和2022年184亿立方英尺/天,均将超过目前2020年创下的144亿立方英尺/天的纪录。我们预计,工业、住宅和商业部门天然气消费的增长将有助于2021年天然气需求的总体增长。由于天然气价格上涨,电力部门的天然气消耗减少,略微抵消了需求的增长。我们预计,2021年电力部门的天然气消费量将平均为294亿立方英尺/天,2022年为293亿立方英尺/天,这两个数字都将从2020年的317亿立方英尺/天下降。
我们预计,到2022年,Henry Hub的平均现货价格将从2021年的平均价格降至2.93美元/MMBtu。在2022年,美国的供应增长了6.6亿立方英尺/天,但非电力部门的需求增长了3.1亿立方英尺/天,增速低于供应速度。2022年,美国天然气产量将增加18亿立方英尺/天,这将推动天然气供应的预期增长,但美国天然气进口量的下降将略微抵消这一增长。美国天然气供应可能在2022年超过美国的需求,这支持了我们的预测,即价格将从2021年下降到2022年。
曹海斌 摘译自 天然气工业
原文如下:
U.S. natural gas exports and non-power sector demand to drive higher prices through 2022
In theJune 2021 Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), EIA forecast U.S. natural gas prices to increase during 2021 and 2022 from 2020 prices as a result of expected growth in natural gas consumption and natural gas exports that outpace expected growth in production and imports. We also forecast the 2021 Henry Hub natural gas spot price to average $3.07 per million British thermal units (MMBtu), an increase of $1.04/MMBtu from the record lows of 2020.
Increases in both U.S. natural gas exports and consumption from all other natural gas-consuming sectors but electricity generation are driving the high Henry Hub spot prices reflected in the STEO. The high natural gas prices set in February 2021 set the annual average 2021 price path higher, making 2021 the peak in our forecast.
The February 2021 cold snap that affected much of the central part of the country, including Texas, reduced supply and increased demand for natural gas, resulting in near-record storage withdrawals that drove the extremely high natural gas prices. The February 2021 Henry Hub price averaged $5.35/MMBtu, or $3.44 MMBtu higher than in February 2020. Although prices did not remain elevated, the February price has raised the annual 2021 average.
The increase in U.S. natural gas demand in 2021 is primarily a result of a 3.8 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) increase in U.S. exports of natural gas from 2020 to 2021. We expect U.S. exports of natural gas by pipeline and as liquefied natural gas, combined, to average 18.3 Bcf/d in 2021 and 18.4 Bcf/d in 2022, both exceeding the current record of 14.4 Bcf/d set in 2020. We expect increases in natural gas consumed in the industrial, residential, and commercial sectors to contribute to the overall increase in 2021 natural gas demand. These increases in demand are slightly offset by a decrease in natural gas consumption in the electric power sector as a result of higher natural gas prices. We expect natural gas consumed in the electric power sector to average 29.4 Bcf/d in 2021 and 29.3 Bcf/d in 2022, both decreases from 31.7 Bcf/d in 2020.
We expect the Henry Hub average spot price to decrease to $2.93/MMBtu in 2022 from the 2021 average. In 2022, U.S. supply grows by 0.66 Bcf/d, but non-power sector demand grows by 0.31 Bcf/d—a slower rate than supply growth. In 2022, a 1.8 Bcf/d rise in U.S. natural gas production drives the forecast growth in natural gas supply, which is slightly offset by a decline in U.S. imports of natural gas. U.S. natural gas supply will likely outpace U.S. demand in 2022, which supports our forecast of a price decline from 2021 to 2022.
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