据全球能源新闻网7月10日报道，根据国际液化天然气进口商集团最近发布的《 LNG 行业： GI IGNL 2021 年度报告》显示，据EI美国能源情报署(EIA)的分析师称，2020年全球液化天然气(LNG)交易量与2019年基本持平，日均469亿立方英尺，而2019年为467亿立方英尺/天。尽管新冠疫情降低了全球天然气需求，但液化天然气交易量仍以每年0.4%的速度增长。2015-2019年，全球液化天然气交易增长了45%，2018年和2019年均创下了创纪录的增长。这一增长主要是由于澳大利亚、美国和俄罗斯液化能力的增加，这三个国家在此期间占全球液化能力增长的90%以上。
2020年，与2019年相比，只有两个国家的液化天然气出口量增加了——美国和澳大利亚分别增加了15亿立方英尺/天和3亿立方英尺/天。去年，美国启用了几个新的液化设备(即生产线)，即卡梅隆液化天然气(Cameron LNG)、自由港液化天然气(Freeport LNG)和科珀斯克里斯蒂液化天然气液化天然气(Corpus Christi LNG)出口设施的第三条和最后一条生产线，以及厄尔巴(Elba )岛LNG出口设施的其余生产线。随着 新冠疫情的蔓延和许多LNG消费国的封锁，美国LNG出口在2020年的6月和7月显著下降，但在随后的几个月里逐渐增加，并在 去年11月和12月连续创下历史新高。
2020年，澳大利亚首次超过卡塔尔成为世界上最大的液化天然气出口国，日均出口量为102亿立方英尺，较2019年增加3亿立方英尺，增幅3%。与2019年相比，卡塔尔的日出口量下降1亿立方英尺(降幅1%)。所有其他国家的出口要么保持不变，要么下降，与2019年相比总计下降了16亿立方英尺。
在所有液化天然气进口区域中，2020年只有亚洲的年度液化天然气进口量比2019年增长了11亿立方英尺/天（增幅3%）。中国和印度推动了整体年度增长。2020年，中国LNG进口量增加了10亿立方英尺/天，印度增加了4亿立方英尺/天。在中国，液化天然气进口量的持续增长主要得益于政府支持的减少空气污染的煤改气政策。在印度， 2020 年春季和夏季液化天然气现货价格处于历史低位，导致更多燃料转换，增加了在现货基础上采购的液化石油气进口量。2020年日本 LNG进口量继续下降，日均98亿立方英尺,较2019年下降3亿立方英尺。2020年欧洲液化天然气进口量下降 5 %，日均107亿立方英尺，但仍明显高于2017年61亿立方英尺和2018年的64亿立方英尺。
郝芬 译自 全球能源新闻网
原文如下:
EIA – GLOBAL LNG TRADE REMAINED FLAT IN 2020 AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
According to the analysts of the EIA (US Energy Information Administration) global trade in liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2020 remained essentially unchanged from 2019, averaging 46.9 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) compared with 46.7 Bcf/d in 2019, according to the recently released The LNG Industry: GIIGNL Annual Report 2021 by the International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas importers. This 0.4% annual increase in LNG trade occurred despite the COVID-19 pandemic that reduced global natural gas demand. Between 2015 and 2019, global LNG trade expanded by 45%, posting record growth in both 2018 and 2019. This expansion primarily resulted from liquefaction capacity additions in Australia, the United States, and Russia, which combined accounted for more than 90% of the global growth in liquefaction capacity during this period.
In 2020, LNG exports increased from only two countries—the United States by 1.5 Bcf/d and Australia by 0.3 Bcf/d—compared with 2019. Last year, the United States commissioned several new liquefaction units (called trains), namely the third and final trains at Cameron LNG, Freeport LNG, and Corpus Christi LNG export facilities as well as the remaining trains at the Elba Island LNG export facility. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns in many LNG-consuming countries, U.S. LNG exports significantly declined in June and July of 2020, but they have gradually increased in the months that followed and set consecutive all-time highs in November and December 2020.
In 2020, Australia became the world’s largest LNG exporter for the first time, overtaking Qatar, with exports averaging 10.2 Bcf/d, an increase of 0.3 Bcf/d (3%) compared with 2019. Exports from Qatar declined by 0.1 Bcf/d (1%) compared with 2019. Exports from all other countries have either remained flat or declined, amounting to a combined 1.6 Bcf/d decrease compared with 2019.
Among all LNG-importing regions, only Asia had an increase in annual LNG imports, by 1.1 Bcf/d (3%), in 2020 compared with 2019. China and India drove the overall annual increase. China’s LNG imports increased by 1.0 Bcf/d and India by 0.4 Bcf/d in 2020. In China, continuous growth in LNG imports mainly resulted from government-supported coal-to-natural gas switching policies to reduce air pollution. In India, all-time low spot LNG prices in the spring and summer of 2020 led to more fuel switching and an increase in LNG imports procured on a spot basis. LNG imports to Japan continued to decline in 2020, averaging 9.8 Bcf/d, which was 0.3 Bcf/d less than in 2019. Europe’s LNG imports declined by 5%, averaging 10.7 Bcf/d in 2020, but remained significantly higher than the 6.1 Bcf/d in 2017 and 6.4 Bcf/d in 2018.
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