据7月22日油田技术报道，截至2021年7月9日，今年美国原油出口量平均为300万桶/天。根据EIA的“每周石油状况报告”显示，最近四周，美国原油出口量达到了351万桶/天。值得一提的是，2013年，美国政府取消了对超轻质原油的出口限制。2015年夏天，美国和墨西哥签订了石油交换协议，对石油出口的限制于2015年12月完全解除。自2015年以来，美国原油出口量显著增加，自2019年以来平均每年约300万桶/天。
尽管新冠肺炎疫情导致原油价格大幅下跌，美国和全球石油市场的需求和产量减少，但在过去三年中，美国原油出口量的四周滚动平均值并未跌破200万桶/天。
最近原油出口的稳定得益于高油价。在2021年7月9日的一周，国际原油基准布伦特现货价格平均为76.13美元/桶。国内原油基准西德克萨斯中质原油现货价格平均为73.35美元/桶。在2021年6月8日至7月16日期间，布伦特原油和西德克萨斯中质原油价格均保持在70美元/桶以上。美国能源信息署(EIA)发布的每周石油状况报告显示，自2021年6月底以来，原油出口略有上升。
尽管WTI原油与布伦特原油之间的价格差距很小，但美国原油出口量仍然非常高。截至7月16日，2021年WTI原油价格平均比布伦特原油价格低2.82美元/桶。在截至2021年7月9日的一周内，WTI价格平均比布伦特价格低2.78美元/桶。同期美国原油出口量为351万桶/天，远高于2021年迄今美国原油出口量的平均水平。要知道，在2011年至2014年间，WTI原油价格平均比布伦特原油价格低10美元/桶。
自2015年以来，美国原油基础设施大幅扩张，以促进陆上生产的原油出口。德克萨斯州海湾沿岸的港口，特别是科珀斯克里斯蒂和休斯顿，已已经率先扩张，使得更多的石油可以从二叠纪盆地和伊格尔福特盆地出口。由于墨西哥湾沿岸的许多管道和高效的港口设施连接,多数美国原油从墨西哥湾沿岸地区出口。
王佳晶 摘译自 油田技术
原文如下：
EIA: US crude oil exports reached record levels in 2020 and remain high in 2021
So far this year (as of 9 July 2021), US crude oil exports have averaged 3 million bpd. The most recent four-week rolling average of US crude oil exports reached 3.51 million bpd, according to EIA’s ‘Weekly Petroleum Status Report’. In 2013, the US government lifted export restrictions on minimally processed ultra-light oil. In the summer of 2015, the US and Mexico entered into an oil exchange agreement, and the restrictions on oil exports were fully lifted in December 2015. US crude oil exports have increased significantly since 2015 and have averaged around 3 million bpd every year since 2019.
The four-week rolling average of US crude oil export volumes has not fallen below 2 million bpd during the past three years, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused significant crude oil price drops, reduced demand and reduced production in US and global oil markets.
High oil prices have contributed to steady crude oil exports recently. During the week of 9 July 2021, the international crude oil benchmark (Brent) spot price averaged US$76.13/bbl. and the domestic crude oil benchmark (West Texas Intermediate, or WTI) spot price averaged US$73.35/bbl. Brent and WTI prices both remained above US$70/bbl between 8 June and 16 July 2021. Weekly export data from EIA’s ‘Weekly Petroleum Status Report’ show a slight rise in crude oil exports since the end of June 2021.
Even with a narrow price difference between the WTI crude oil price and the Brent price, US crude oil exports remain very high. As of 16 July, the WTI crude oil price averaged US$2.82/bbl lower than the Brent crude oil price so far in 2021. During the week ending 9 July 2021, the WTI price averaged US$2.78/bbl lower than the Brent price. US crude oil exports for that same week were 3.51 million bpd, well above the year-to-date 2021 average volume for US crude oil exports. Between 2011 and 2014, the WTI crude price averaged US$10/bbl lower than the Brent crude price.
US crude oil infrastructure has expanded significantly since 2015 to facilitate crude oil exports from onshore production. Ports on the Texas Gulf Coast, particularly Corpus Christi and Houston, have led the expansion, allowing more oil to be exported from the Permian Basin and Eagle Ford Basin. Due to the Gulf Coast’s many pipeline connections and efficient port infrastructure, most US crude oil exports leave the US from the Gulf Coast region.
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