据油价网8月5日消息，推动风能在美国的发展需要大型石油公司的专业知识、经验和资金支持，多年来，全美的石油公司都在大力投资，推动了风能行业的发展。在活动人士和国际机构继续批评大型石油公司在气候变化和环境恶化中所扮演的角色之际，正是这些公司在北美的可再生能源项目中进行了一些更重大的投资，并为其增加了一些最大的价值。
预计未来5年，风力发电能力将从目前的10万兆瓦(MW)增加60%。据预测，到2026年，全球海上风电市场的价值可能达到875亿美元，而2019年仅为361亿美元。然而，这需要大量的投资和经验丰富的能源专家的专业知识，才能使风能项目启动并满足这一需求。
今年4月，雪佛龙与挪威财团莫尔德(Moreld)签署协议，共同开发涡轮技术公司Ocergy，成为美国第一家投资海上风力发电的石油巨头。壳牌、挪威国家石油公司(Equinor)和道达尔等欧洲大型石油公司都有完善的海上风能项目。
离岸开发是雪佛龙3亿美元低碳投资计划的一部分。该项目将建设海上浮动风力涡轮机，为美国部分电网提供电力。
类似的项目已经出现在世界其他地区，如壳牌与SSE Renewables和Equinor合作，目前正在英格兰东北部开发世界上最大的Dogger Bank风电场，总发电能力将达到2400兆瓦。
经过十年的基础建设和许可申请，石油大亨Phil Anschutz目前正在投资美国最大的风能项目。怀俄明州 50 亿美元的项目将由 Anschutz 个人投资 4 亿美元，Anschutz 正在寻求股权合作伙伴为剩余股份提供资金。该项目预计将于2025年完工，建成后将有1000台风力涡轮机在32万英亩的土地上运行，足以为加州180万户家庭提供电力。
风能的主要吸引力之一是它与石油和天然气的相似性。国际能源署的一份报告发现，大约40%的海上风力发电成本，如大型建筑的建造和维护，与海上石油工业的成本重叠。
此外，随着政府和国际机构要求走向绿色的压力越来越大，石油巨头们正在寻找投资于石油和天然气以外的未来的方法。虽然碳捕捉技术是大多数公司的重大举措，但一些公司正在寻求发展可再生能源领域，以确保他们在未来几年在国际能源中的份额。
一些公司已经从石油转向风能，而不是简单地增加投资组合，比如丹麦的Ørsted。考虑到风能开发的财政潜力和美国未充分开发的行业性质，这并不令人惊讶。
目前，风能仅占全球电力的0.3%。但随着美国未来10年的重大项目规划，大型石油公司可能会推动这一数字呈指数增长。
裘寅 编译自 油价网
原文如下：
Renewables Need Big Oil To Thrive
We need the expertise, experience, and financial backing of Big Oil to drive wind energy forward in the U.S., following years of strong investments from oil firms across the country kickstarting the industry. As activists and international agencies continue to criticize Big Oil for its role in climate change and environmental degradation, it is precisely those firms that have made some of the more significant investments and added some of the greatest value to renewable energy projects across North America.
Wind capacity is expected to increase by 60 percent over the next five years from 100,000 megawatts (MW) at present. And the global offshore wind market could reach a value of $87.5 billion by 2026 according to predictions, an increase from just $36.1 billion in 2019. However, it will require significant investment and know-how from seasoned energy experts to get wind projects off the ground and meet this demand.
In April this year, Chevron became the first U.S. oil major to invest in offshore wind, signing a deal with Norway’s Moreld to develop Ocergy, a turbine technology company. It follows in the footsteps of European majors Shell, Equinor, and Total, which all have well-established offshore wind energy projects.
The offshore development is part of Chevron’s $300 million low-carbon investment plan. The development will see the construction of floating offshore wind turbines which will be used to power part of the U.S. grid.
Similar projects have already been seen in other areas of the world as Shell, with partners SSE Renewables and Equinor, is currently developing the world’s largest wind farm in the northeast of England. Phases A and B of the Dogger Bank Wind Farm will have a combined power generation capacity of 2,400 MW.
Now oil tycoon Phil Anschutz is investing in America’s biggest wind energy project, after a decade of setting the groundwork and applying for permits. The $5 billion project in Wyoming will see a personal investment of $400 million from Anschutz who is seeking equity partners to finance the remaining share. The development, expected to be completed by 2025, will see 1000 wind turbines up and running across 320,000-acres upon completion, enough to power 1.8 million homes across California.
One of the main attractions of wind is its similarity to oil and gas. An IEA report found that around 40 percent of the costs of offshore wind, such as the construction and maintenance of huge structures, overlap with the costs of the offshore oil industry.
In addition, with mounting pressure from governments and international agencies to go green, oil majors are looking at ways to invest in a future beyond oil and gas. While carbon capture technology has been a major move for most firms, some are looking to develop their renewable energy sectors to ensure their stake in international energy in the years to come.
Some companies have already made the switch from oil to wind rather than simply adding to their portfolios such as Denmark-based Ørsted. This is not surprising given the financial potential for wind energy development and the underexploited nature of the industry in the U.S.
At present, wind energy accounts for just 0.3 percent of global electricity today. But with significant projects planned for the U.S. over the next decade, Big Oil could have a hand in boosting this figure exponentially.
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