据今日油价8月3日报道，7月，英国石油公司发布了《2021年世界能源统计报告》。该审查报告提供了国家层面主要能源的供应和需求情况。
石油需求创纪录下降
2020年的石油消费量出现了有记录以来的最大降幅。在连续9年增长之后，新冠肺炎疫情导致全球原油消费量在2020年下降了900多万桶/天，至8850万桶/天。
美国仍然是世界上最大的石油消费国，2020年平均每天消耗1720万桶石油。
排在前10位的国家与2019年相同，只是沙特阿拉伯超过了日本，巴西超过了加拿大。
美国仍是石油供应的冠军
尽管疫情对美国石油产量造成了影响，但美国仍以1130万桶/日的产量保持世界最大产油国地位。俄罗斯和沙特阿拉伯继续位居第二和第三。然而，为应对疫情，沙特阿拉伯和其他欧佩克国家在2020年减产。
注意，这些产量是指原油和凝析油。美国在液化天然气的生产上也领先于所有国家，这部分最终进入了石油产品供应链。因此，如果包括天然气，美国对俄罗斯和沙特阿拉伯的领先优势更大。
值得一提的是，英国石油公司对石油消费的定义不包括生物燃料，但包括煤炭和天然气的衍生品。还包括需要进一步精炼的原油、页岩油/致密油、油砂、凝析油或天然气凝析油。不包括从其他来源，如生物质液体燃料以及煤和天然气合成衍生品。
王佳晶 摘译自 今日油价
原文如下：
The U.S. Retains Its Crown As World’s Top Oil Producer
Last month BP released its Statistical Review of World Energy 2021. The Review provides a comprehensive picture of supply and demand for major energy sources on a country-level basis. Each year, I do a series of articles covering the Review’s findings.
In the previous article, I discussed the trends in global carbon dioxide emissions. Today, I want to cover the production and consumption of petroleum.
A Record Decline in Oil Demand
For 2020, the Review reported the largest decline in oil* consumption on record. After nine consecutive years of increase, the Covid-19 pandemic caused global consumption of crude oil to decline by more than 9 million barrels per day (BPD) in 2020 to 88.5 million BPD.
The United States remains the world’s top oil consumer, averaging 17.2 million BPD in 2020.
The Top 10 consumers were the same countries as in 2019, except Saudi Arabia jumped ahead of Japan, and Brazil jumped past Canada. “Change” reflects the change in consumption from 2019.
U.S. Remains the Oil Production Champion
Despite the impact the pandemic had on U.S. oil production, the U.S. remained the world’s top oil producer** at 11.3 million BPD. Russia and Saudi Arabia retained their positions at #2 and #3. However, Saudi Arabia and other OPEC countries engaged in production cuts in 2020 in response to the pandemic.
Note that these production numbers are for crude oil and lease condensate. The U.S. also leads all countries in the production of natural gas liquids (NGLs), which partially end up in the oil products supply chain. So, if NGLs are included, the U.S. has an even larger lead over Russia and Saudi Arabia.
Footnotes
*BP’s definition of oil consumption excludes biofuels while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included.
**Includes crude oil, shale/tight oil, oil sands, lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining. Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas.
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