据经济时报8月2日消息：美国和加勒比海地区正成为印度进口原油的新热点，因为该国着眼于新市场以使其能源采购篮子多样化，并使自己免受定价和供应冲击的影响。
作为其中的一部分，该国最大的公共部门炼油商印度石油公司已于2021年7月从圭亚那购买了第一批原油货物，并与华盛顿签订了可选择购买美国级原油的定期合同。
该公司已与俄罗斯国家石油公司(Rosneft)签署了一份长期合同，以采购乌拉尔原油。
回顾过去几年的数据，可以更清楚地了解美国石油在印度石油进口一揽子计划的增长情况。根据石油部的数据，从美国进口的原油在2017-18年增至190万吨，2018-19年度增至620万吨，2019-20年度增至1030万吨。
2021财年，这一数字已接近1500万吨。
石油部长哈迪普·辛格·普里周一在Lok Sabha回答有关该国石油进口篮子的问题时还表示，为确保原油供应安全并降低对单一地区原油依赖的风险，石油公共部门企业(PSU)采购来自位于不同地理位置的国家的原油，即中东、非洲、北美、南美等。
他还表示，自去年5月石油输出国组织(欧佩克)开始减产以来，中东在该国石油进口一揽子计划中的份额一直在缩小。
在2019-20财年，欧佩克实施减产之前，PSU从中东国家进口的原油占69.02%(总进口量1.288亿吨中的8890万吨)。但在2020-21财年期间，来自中东的原油进口量降至63.49%(占总进口量1.101亿吨中的6990万吨)。
中东原油进口减少的主要原因是，自2020年5月以来，欧佩克削减了原油产量，因为欧佩克成员国根据其商定的欧佩克+修改配额生产并向买方国家出口原油。
冯娟 摘译自 经济时报
原文如下：
US, Caribbean emerging as new hotspots for crude oil imports by India
The US and Caribbean are emerging as new hotspots for crude oil imports by India as the country looks at newer markets to diversify its energy sourcing basket and insulate itself from pricing and supply shocks.
As part of this, the country's largest public sector oil refiner, Indian Oil, has bought its first crude oil cargo from Guyana in July 2021 and has also entered into a term contract with Washington for optional purchase of US grade crude oil.
The company has signed a term contract with Rosneft, National Oil Company of Russia, to source Urals grade crude.
A look at past years data makes things clearer on how US oil is increasing in India's oil import basket. Crude oil imports from the US increased to 1.9 mt in 2017-18, 6.2 mt in 2018-19, and 10.3 mt in 2019-20, based on Petroleum Ministry data.
It had reached close to 15 mt in FY21.
Replying to a question on country's oil import basket in Lok Sabha on Monday, Petroleum Minister Hardeep Singh Puri also said that to ensure security of crude supplies and to mitigate the risk of dependence on crude from single region, Oil Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) procure crude from countries located at various geographical locations viz. Middle East, Africa, North America, South America, etc.
He also indicated that since the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) started with production cuts in May last year, the share of Middle East in the country's oil import basket has been shrinking.
During FY 2019-20, before OPEC imposed a cut, import of crude oil by Oil PSUs from Middle Eastern countries was 69.02 per cent (88.9 mt out of total import of 128.8 mt). But during FY 2020-21, import of crude oil from the Middle East reduced to 63.49 per cent (69.9 mt out of total import of 110.1 mt).
This reduction in import of crude from Middle East is mainly on account of crude oil production cut by OPEC since May 2020, as the countries which are members of OPEC, produce and export crude oil to buyer nations as per their agreed modified quota of OPEC plus.
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