据《石油世界期刊》12月17日里约热内卢报道，欧洲超级能源巨头道达尔能源公司（TotalSE）和荷兰皇家壳牌公司（Royal Dutch Shell Plc）将联手巴西国有石油巨头开采两个关键领域油田，这标志着这家拉美最大原油生产商的最新扩张。
周五，道达尔能源公司获得了两个深水油田的股份，壳牌获得了Atapu油田的一部分。这两个出价都超过了最低要求和市场预期。这家法国能源巨头与马来西亚国家石油公司(Petronas)和卡塔尔石油公司(Qatar Petroleum)共同竞标Sepia油田的开采权，出价为扣除开采成本和税收后剩余石油产量的37.43%。壳牌在Atapu竞标成功的合作伙伴是道达尔和马国油。
此次拍卖标志着两年前国际石油勘探商回避拍卖的转变。更优惠的条件和更高的油价增强了巴西海上石油宝库的吸引力，其中包括本世纪世界上一些最大的石油发现。
巴西官员在活动的新闻发布会上表示，我想庆祝这一进程以及参与人数的增加。更多的参与者意味着更多的投资和产量。
巴西国家石油公司已经在运营这两个油田，并行使了其在Sepia 30%股权的权利。巴西国家石油公司首席财务长罗德里戈•阿劳霍•阿尔维斯(Rodrigo Araujo Alves)表示，新合作伙伴将不得不为其迄今为止的投资进行补偿，而巴西国家石油公司将不会举债来支付这些油田的费用。最终可能会有一些额外的股息分配，因为2022年会有额外的现金流入。
2019年，Sepia和Atapu未能在可能是世界上最贵的石油拍卖中吸引到买家，附近油田的竞标者向政府支付了总计90亿美元的签约费用。根据休斯敦咨询公司Gaffney, Cline & Associates的一项研究显示，Sepia和Atapu是拥有约150亿桶可采原油的集群的一部分。该区域还包括巴西国家石油公司的Buzios和Itapu油田。
巴国油已经在该地区生产石油，消除了大部分勘探风险。该公司在与Sepia毗邻的区块的合作伙伴是葡萄牙的Galp Energia SGPS。Galp、道达尔和壳牌是其在与Atapu毗邻的区块中的合作伙伴。该盐下地区近年来推动了巴西的经济增长。
来自巴西海岸岩石亚盐层的原油含硫量低于许多等级，从而减少了将其转化为汽油的过程中所产生的污染。道达尔能源公司在一份声明中将盐下油藏描述为低排放储量。
雷斯塔能源（Rystad Energy AS）的分析师 Schreiner Parker表示，不是一个而是两个欧洲超级能源巨头的存在证明了盐下层是一项长期投资项目，具有通过能源转型继续生产的必要和充分条件。
郝芬 译自 《石油世界期刊》
原文如下：
TotalEnergies and Shell stand out in Brazilian pre-salt oil auction
European supermajors TotalEnergies SE and Royal Dutch Shell Plc will join Brazil’s state-controlled oil giant at two key fields, marking the latest expansion in Latin America’s largest crude producer.
TotalEnergies won stakes in both of the deepwater fields on offer Friday, and Shell was awarded a piece of the Atapu field. Both bids surpassed minimum requirements and market expectations. The French energy titan bid with Malaysia’s Petronas and Qatar Petroleum for the rights to Sepia by offering 37.43% of oil output that’s left over after accounting for extraction costs and taxes. Shell’s partners in the successful Atapu bid were TotalEnergies and Petrobras.
The auction marks a turnaround from just two years ago when international oil explorers shunned the sale. Sweeter terms and higher oil prices enhanced the appeal of Brazil’s offshore oil trove which includes some of the world’s largest oil discoveries this century.
“I’d like to celebrate this process and the increase in the number of participants,” Economy Ministry said during a press conference at the event. “More players means more investment and production.”
Petrobras already operates both fields and exercised its rights to a 30% stake in Sepia. Its new partners will have to compensate it for investments made to date and Petrobras won’t increase leverage to pay for the fields, Chief Financial Officer Rodrigo Araujo Alves said.
“Eventually there may be some additional dividend distribution because there will be additional cash inflow in 2022,” Alves said.
In 2019, Sepia and Atapu failed to attract buyers in what was possibly the world’s priciest oil auction, with bidders on nearby fields paying signing bonuses to the government that totaled $9 billion. Sepia and Atapu are part of a cluster holding an estimated 15 billion barrels of recoverable crude, according to a study by Houston-based consultancy Gaffney, Cline & Associates. The area also includes Petrobras’s Buzios and Itapu fields.
Petrobras already produces oil in the area, eliminating most exploration risks. The company’s partner in a block that borders on Sepia is Portugal’s Galp Energia SGPS. Galp, Total, and Shell are its partners in a block that borders on Atapu. The pre-salt region has driven Brazil’s growth in recent years.
Crude from the sub-salt layer of rocks off Brazil’s coast has less sulfur than many grades, reducing the amount of pollution involved in converting it into gasoline. TotalEnergies described the pre-salt as low- emissions reserves in a statement.
“The presence of not one but two European supermajors proves that the pre-salt is a long term investment play that has the necessary and sufficient conditions to continue producing through the energy transition,” said Schreiner Parker, an analyst at Rystad Energy AS.
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