据Oilnow 1月11日消息，南美石油巨头巴西和圭亚那（世界上最热门的勘探热点，在Stabroek区块有一系列令人难以置信的发现）准备深化双边关系。
为此，圭亚那总统Irfaan Ali于周一同巴西联邦共和国总统Jair Bolsonaro举行了电话会议，讨论他月底访问乔治城的情况以及议程中涉及的问题。
Ali列举了几个对两国关系向前发展至关重要的领域，包括能源和粮食安全、电信、基础设施一体化以及贸易。
圭亚那国家元首表示，除了石油和天然气，扩大铝土矿等其他非石油自然资源部门的机会将为直接连接巴西北部和大西洋创造机会，“为我们开发一个综合项目”。
在贸易方面，目前有一项现有的部分范围协定，其目的是通过两国之间交换关税优惠、在贸易问题上的合作和增加私营部门的参与来促进双边贸易流动。Ali表示，由于圭亚那希望增加配额，特别是与出口到巴西的大米有关，因此目前正在就扩大配额进行谈判。
Bolsonaro总统表示，讨论的议程看起来“充满希望”，他将确保巴西有关部门的技术人员前往圭亚那进行国事访问。
至于Ali总统，他热切地表示圭亚那希望与南美最大的石油生产国巴西建立“非常牢固的战略伙伴关系”。
总统负责财政的高级部长Ashni Singh博士;外交与国际合作部长Hugh Todd;外交大臣Robert Persaud和外交与国际合作部常任秘书Elisabeth Harper大使也在位于乔治城的总统办公室参加了电话会议。
巴西自上世纪40年代就开始涉足石油行业，在非洲大陆拥有第二大石油储量。
此外，它还是该地区最重要的石油和天然气生产国，也是世界上最大的乙醇燃料生产国。
巴西国家石油公司(Petrobras)是巴西石油行业上游、中游和下游活动的主要参与者。该公司一直垄断巴西石油相关的活动，直到1997年政府开放该行业的竞争。在过去的两年中，巴西国家石油公司显著增加了盐下油田生产船的数量，以提高原油产量。盐下石油指的是位于海洋以下厚岩层和盐层之下的石油储量。盐下生产涉及的巨大深度和压力带来了重大的技术障碍。
自2015年以来，圭亚那在Stabroek区块已经发现了20多个重大石油发现，行业专家认为，由于其高质量和低成本的深水项目，圭亚那的石油是过去十年世界上最好的石油之一。
圭亚那的Liza一期项目于2019年开始生产石油，Liza二期项目将于本季度投产。到2026年，通过优化计划，圭亚那的石油项目的产量将超过90万桶/天。
迄今为止，埃克森美孚牵头的财团已在Stabroek区块发现了100亿桶油当量，并预计还有数十亿桶的潜力有待开发。
裘寅 编译自 Oilnow
原文如下：
South America’s oil giant and upcoming star looking to forge strategic partnership
South American oil giant, Brazil, and Guyana, the world’s hottest exploration hotspot with an incredible string of discoveries in the Stabroek Block, are poised to deepen their bilateral relations.
Towards this end, Guyana’s President, Dr. Irfaan Ali held a teleconference on Monday with his counterpart President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, to discuss his visit to Georgetown by month end along with the issues that would inform the agenda.
President Ali listed several areas that are critical for both countries to move their relationship forward, including energy and food security, telecommunication, infrastructure integration and trade.
The Guyanese Head of State said that in addition to oil and gas, expanding opportunities in the other non-oil natural resources sectors such as bauxite will create an opportunity for a direct link to northern Brazil and the Atlantic that can “create an excellent platform for us to develop an integrated project”.
As it relates to trade, currently, there is an existing partial scope agreement that aims to foster bilateral trade flows by the exchange of tariff preferences between the two countries, cooperation on trade matters and increased participation of the private sector. This, President Ali said, is currently under negotiation to be expanded since Guyana wants to increase its quota, especially as it relates to rice being exported to Brazil.
President Bolsonaro said the agenda for discussion looks “very promising” and that he will ensure technical staff from the relevant ministries in Brazil travel for the state visit.
As for President Ali, he was keen to note that Guyana wants to have a “very strong strategic partnership” with Brazil, South America’s biggest oil producer.
Senior Minister within the Office of the President with responsibility for Finance, Dr Ashni Singh; Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Hugh Todd; Foreign Secretary, Robert Persaud and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Ambassador Elisabeth Harper were also at the Office of the President in Georgetown for the teleconference.
Brazil has been involved in the petroleum industry since the 1940s and holds the second-largest oil reserves in the continent.
Furthermore, it is the most important oil and gas producer in the region and the world’s largest ethanol fuel producer.
Petrobras is the main participant in Brazil’s upstream, midstream, and downstream oil sector activities. The company held a monopoly on oil-related activities in Brazil until 1997, when the government opened the sector to competition. Within the last two years, Petrobras has significantly increased the number of production vessels operating in its pre-salt fields to boost crude oil production. (Pre-salt oil refers to oil reserves that are exceptionally deep below the ocean under thick layers of rock and salt. The great depth and pressure involved in pre-salt production present significant technical hurdles.
As for Guyana which has made more than 20 major discoveries in the Stabroek Block since 2015, industry experts have deemed its oil to be one of the best the world has seen in the last decade given its high quality and low breakeven cost for deepwater projects.
Oil production commenced in Guyana in 2019 at the Liza Phase One Project and Liza Phase Two is on track to come on stream this quarter. By 2026, Guyana’s oil projects following optimization programmes, could push production rates to well over 900,000 barrels of oil per day.
To date, the ExxonMobil-led consortium at the Stabroek Block has discovered 10 billion barrels of oil equivalent and sees multi-billion-barrel potential left to be explored.
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