•随着目前油价稳定在每桶90美元上方,我们可能会在2022年看到并购交易激增,并购活动的潜力将创下多年来的新高。
•尽管油价可能处于高位,但由于ESG的担忧以及围绕该行业持久的问题,公共和私人买家的数量正在减少。
•尽管油价上涨可能会推动更多并购交易,但全球买家池的减少意味着这些交易的估值不太可能大幅上升。
据美国油价网报道,最近几个季度,油价上涨推动了全球上游行业合并和收购活动的增加,并将在2022年引发上游行业更多的并购交易。
去年,由于大宗商品价格反弹,国际石油巨头开始剥离非核心资产,美国页岩生产商整合并建立了高质量的资产库存,该行业的交易和高价值交易再次出现。
分析师表示,如果目前处于2014年秋季以来最高水平的油价保持高位,今年上游行业的并购交易活动很有可能创下多年来的最高水平。
美国页岩行业将很可能继续推动全球并购交易价值,而私募股权支持的公司将继续在上游行业并购交易中扮演重要角色。
然而,世界权威能源调研机构伍德麦肯兹表示,全球上游市场的新现实表明,私人股本不会是交易活动的灵丹妙药,尽管它仍将是寻求撤资的公司的一个选择。
不断萎缩的买家池
由于环境、社会和治理(ESG)对企业减排的压力增加,全球更多的上市石油公司正在出售非核心资产,因为它们希望充分利用自己的核心资产,同时准备在能源转型中生存和发展。
当然,这将导致更多的资产可供争夺。 然而,买家越来越少,因为更多的潜在投资者关注资产的ESG概况,更喜欢能立即带来现金增值的项目。
私募股权公司也是潜在买家之一,他们将密切关注企业和资产的ESG和排放概况。
伍德麦肯兹分析师表示:“ESG对私人股本很重要,不仅仅是因为退出途径。 一些私人股本基金直接感受到了来自其最终所有者--有限合伙人--的ESG压力。 这些支持者通常包括养老基金等机构,其中许多机构越来越多地实现了自己的净零轨迹。”
分析师表示,包括私募股权在内的上游行业的买家数量有限,他们将寻找经济上合理、已经能产生现金流的项目。
分析师说:“新进入者以及过去难以获得足够行业回报的投资者,不太可能涌入上游行业。 对于希望退出大量非核心头寸的卖家来说,私募股权买家可能是一个选择,但它们不太可能是万灵药。”
伍德麦肯兹指出,私募股权公司目前对上游业务的投资机会越来越多感到喜忧参半,但石油和天然气行业--不仅在美国,而且在全球范围内--“可能会进入一个更广泛的私人所有权池”。
在2022年活跃年达成交易
分析师表示,尽管能源转型中上游资产的吸引力存在不确定性,但由于油价上涨,今年的并购交易活动可能会加强。
伍德麦肯兹上游并购高级研究分析师埃特金和斯科特·沃克1月份在其对今年全球上游行业并购交易活动的展望报告中表示,如果大宗商品价格保持稳定,今年全球上游行业并购交易量可能达到多年来的最高水平。
分析师指出,“在2021年期间,公司融资和执行收购的能力有了不可估量的提高--我们可以从越来越多的大型现金资产交易中清楚地看到这一点。 如果大宗商品价格保持高位,执行交易的能力就会一直提高到2022年。”
埃特金和斯科特·沃克表示,国际石油巨头可以利用当前的升级周期,在所有地区进行资产处置,因为他们仍有大量资产需要出售。
挪威著名能源研究公司雷斯塔能源公司还认为,在去年达到1810亿美元的3年来最高水平后,今年的上游行业并购交易活动将加速,将恢复到疫情爆发之前的水平。
雷斯塔能源公司1月份曾表示,“交易渠道强劲,上游并购市场似乎将继续走强,美国的并购交易可能仍将是全球并购交易价值的关键驱动力。 其他地区的大规模销售也可能在今年实现,特别是如果主要公司继续精简他们的投资组合。”
能源数据分析公司Enverus在1月份发布的一份报告中表示,“总体而言,全球上游并购市场将迎来一个活跃的2022年。”
Enverus表示,特拉华盆地和海恩斯维尔盆地的更多资产预计将投入市场,而米德兰盆地和马塞勒斯东北部干气等其他地区的高质量库存仍将存在,尽管这些地区出售资产的卖家越来越少。
Enverus表示:“在威利斯顿盆地 (巴肯盆地)和鹰福特盆地等其他更成熟的地区,大量高产资产可能会投放市场,价格可能具有吸引力,吸引公共和私人买家。”
交易估值将不会飙升
不过,根据伍德麦肯兹发布的数据,交易估值预计将不会随着油价和交易活动的上升而飙升。 这是因为在北美以外的地区,传统买家的数量明显减少,而且潜在买家仍然关注资本纪律,尤其是在北美,在私募股权领域更是如此。 此外,ESG和排放概况也将计入上游资产估值,因为潜在买家将衡量一些资产的高碳足迹风险。
伍德麦肯兹的分析师在今年全球上游行业并购交易展望报告中表示:“这可能意味着,范围1和范围2的碳排放将受到碳价格假设的影响,或者对长期现金流施加额外的风险,以应对全球未来的需求疲软。”
李峻 编译自 美国油价网
原文如下:
Mergers And Acquisitions To Spike Alongside Oil Prices
· With oil prices now firmly above $90 we will likely see a surge in deals in 2022, with the potential of M&A activity booking a multi-year high.
· While oil prices may be high, the pool of both public and private buyers is shrinking due to ESG concerns and questions surrounding the longevity of the industry.
· While higher oil prices are likely to drive more deals, the lower buyer pool around the world means the valuations of the deals are unlikely to jump.
Rallying oil prices have been driving increased mergers and acquisitions activity in the global upstream sector in recent quarters and are set to incentivize more deals in 2022.
Deal-making and high-value deals in the sector returned in 2021 as commodity prices rebounded, international majors moved to divest non-core assets, and U.S. shale producers consolidated and built quality inventories of assets.
If oil prices - currently at their highest since the autumn of 2014 - remain high, M&A activity has a good chance of booking a multi-year high this year, analysts say.
The U.S. shale patch will likely continue driving deals value globally, and private equity-backed firms will continue to be important players in the upstream M&A deals.
Yet, the new realities in the global upstream market suggest that private equity will not be the panacea for deal activity, although it will continue to be an option for companies looking to divest, Wood Mackenzie says.
Shrinking Buyers’ Pool
As environmental, social, and governance (ESG) pressures rise on firms to reduce emissions, more public companies globally are putting up non-core assets up for sale as they look to make the best of their core assets while preparing to survive and thrive in the energy transition.
This, of course, leads to more assets up for grabs. Yet, buyers are fewer as more potential investors look at the ESG profile of assets and prefer immediate cash-accretive projects.
Private equity is also among those potential buyers that will be looking closely at the ESG and emissions profiles of companies and assets.
“ESG matters to private equity, and not solely because of exit routes. Some private equity funds are feeling direct ESG pressure from their ultimate owners - the limited partners.?These backers often include institutions such as pension funds, many of whom increasingly have their own net zero trajectories,” says WoodMac’s Greig Aitken, Corporate Research, and Neivan Boroujerdi, Principal Analyst, North Sea Upstream.
The limited pool of buyers in the upstream space, including private equity, will look for economically sound projects that already generate cash, the analysts say.
“New entrants, and investors who have struggled to generate adequate industry returns in the past, are unlikely to flood into the sector. For sellers looking to exit vast non-core positions, private equity buyers might be an option, but they’re unlikely to be a panacea,” Wood Mackenzie notes.
Private equity currently has mixed feelings about the increasing opportunities to invest in the upstream business, but the oil and gas industry-not only in the U.S. but worldwide-“is likely to move into a wider pool of private ownership,” WoodMac pointed out.
Deal-Making Set For Active Year In 2022
Despite the uncertainties over the attractiveness of upstream assets in the energy transition, deal-making will likely strengthen this year as oil prices rally, analysts say.
Upstream M&A deal flow could hit a multi-year high in 2022 if commodity prices hold steady, WoodMac’s Aitken and Scott Walker, Senior Research Analyst, Upstream M&A, said in their 2022 outlook of the global upstream last month.
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