IEA：当前的能源危机比上世纪70年代的石油危机“严重得多”

国际能源署（IEA）署长法提赫·比罗尔：世界面临着比上世纪70年代石油危机“严重得多”的能源危机  

早在20世纪70年代，那场危机仅仅与石油有关  

整个世界，尤其是欧洲，今年可能会面临一个汽油、燃料油和航空煤油短缺的夏天  

据美国油价网5月31日报道，国际能源署(IEA)署长比罗尔在5月31日发表的一篇采访中对德国《明镜》周刊记者表示，世界目前面临的能源危机比上世纪70年代的石油危机“严重得多”。  

比罗尔告诉新闻媒体记者：“那时候，人们只关心石油。”“现在我们同时面临着石油危机、天然气危机和电力危机。”比罗尔强调表示。IEA成立于上世纪70年代阿拉伯石油禁运的冲击之后。

当前的能源危机始于去年秋天，但冲突加剧以后让情况变得更糟，因为市场担心大国能源供应会中断。

5月30日晚些时候，欧盟同意禁止从大国进口大部分石油，但管道供应暂时不受禁运影响。这将进一步收紧本已紧张的原油和石油产品市场。

比罗尔告诉《明镜周刊》记者，整个世界，尤其是欧洲，今年可能会面临一个汽油、燃料油和航空煤油短缺的夏天。

比罗尔补充说，由于欧洲和美国主要节日季的开始，燃料需求将会上升。  

原油流动的逆转加剧了全球炼油厂产能的下降，导致包括美国在内的石油产品库存偏低。全球和美国的炼油厂供应能力现在比疫情前降低了数百万桶/天。

自疫情开始以来，美国约100万桶/天的炼油厂产能已被永久关闭，因为炼油厂选择要么关闭亏损的设施，要么将其中一些设施转化为生物燃料生产基地。在全球范围内，炼油产能也捉襟见肘，尤其是在包括美国在内的西方买家不再进口大国真空柴油(VGO)和其他将原油提炼成汽油、柴油和航空燃油所需的中间产品之后。

欧洲的燃料市场也非常紧张，而且在欧盟禁止从大国进口大部分燃料后，市场还将进一步紧张。  

李峻　编译自　美国油价网

原文如下：

IEA: Current Energy Crisis Is “Much Bigger” Than 1970s Oil Crunch

IEA Chief Birol: The world faces a “much bigger” energy crisis than the one of the 1970s.

Back in the 1970s, the crisis was just about oil.

Birol: The world, especially Europe, could face a summer of shortages of gasoline, fuel, and jet fuel.

The world faces a “much bigger” energy crisis than the one of the 1970s, the Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Fatih Birol, told German daily Der Spiegel in an interview published on Tuesday.

“Back then it was just about oil,” Birol told the news outlet. “Now we have an oil crisis, a gas crisis and an electricity crisis simultaneously,” said the head of the international agency created after the 1970s shock of the Arab oil embargo.

The energy crisis started in the autumn of last year, but the war made it much worse as the markets fear disruption to energy supply out ofthe world’s largest oil producer.

The EU agreed late on Monday to ban most of the imports of the world’s largest oil producer oil, leaving pipeline supply exempted from the embargo, for now. This will further tighten already tight crude and product markets.

The world, especially Europe, could face a summer of shortages of gasoline, fuel, and jet fuel, the IEA’s Birol told Der Spiegel.

Fuel demand is set to rise as the main holiday season in Europe and the United States begins, Birol added.  

Upended crude oil flows add to reduced global refinery capacity resulting in low inventories of products, including in the United States.

Refinery capacity for supply, globally and in the U.S, that is now a few million barrels per day lower than it was before the pandemic. 

Some 1 million bpd of refinery capacity in the U.S. has been shut permanently since the start of the pandemic, as refiners have opted to either close losing facilities or convert some of them into biofuel production sites. Globally, refinery capacity is also stretched thin, especially after Western buyers—including in the U.S.—are no longer importing Russian vacuum gas oil (VGO) and other intermediate products necessary for refining crude into gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. 

The fuel market is extremely tight in Europe, too, and is set to tighten further after the EU ban on most imports of the world’s largest oil producer.