IEA：今年全球能源投资将激增8%达2.4万亿美元

据阿拉伯贸易网2022年6月27日巴黎报道，根据国际能源署（IEA）发表的一份新报告，今年全球能源投资将大幅增长8%，达到2.4万亿美元，预计增加的主要是清洁能源投资。 

IEA在其题为《2022年世界能源投资报告》中指出，今年全球能源投资增长幅度仍远远不足以应对当今能源危机的多个层面，但它将为实现更清洁、更安全的能源未来铺平道路。

报告称，今年全球能源投资增长最快的部门是电力部门——主要是可再生电力和电网的投资——以及能源效率。 然而，清洁能源支出的增长并不是平均分布的，主要集中在发达经济体和亚洲大国。 在一些市场，对能源安全的担忧和价格高企正促使人们加大对化石燃料供应的投资，尤其是对煤炭的投资。 

IEA署长比罗尔日前说：“我们不能忽视今天的全球能源危机或气候危机，但好消息是，我们不需要在两者之间做出选择，我们可以同时解决这两者。”“加速清洁能源转型的大规模投资是唯一持久的解决方案。这类投资正在增加，但我们需要更快地增加，以缓解化石燃料高价格给消费者带来的压力，让我们的能源系统更安全，让世界走上正轨，实现我们的气候目标。”

在2015年签署《巴黎协定》以后的五年中，全球清洁能源投资仅以每年2%的速度增长。但自2020年以来，增速明显加快至12%。各国政府的财政支持和可持续金融的兴起一直支撑着支出，尤其是在发达经济体。可再生电力、电网和储能目前占电力行业总投资的80%以上。目前，在太阳能光伏、电池和电动汽车上的支出正以与2050年前实现全球净零排放目标一致的速度增长。 

不过，供应链紧张也是能源投资增长的一个重要原因。在支出的整体增长中，近一半反映了从劳动力、服务到水泥、钢铁和关键矿产等材料的成本上升。这些挑战阻碍了一些能源公司加快支出速度。

从一个较低的基础开始，对一些新兴技术的投资正在快速增长，特别是电池、低排放氢气以及碳捕获利用和储存。 预计今年全球电池储能方面的投资将增加一倍多，达到近200亿美元。 

然而，尽管有一些亮点，比如印度的太阳能，但新兴和发展中经济体的清洁能源支出仍停留在2015年的水平，自《巴黎协定》达成以来没有增加。支持可持续复苏的公共资金稀缺，政策框架往往薄弱，经济阴云密布，借贷成本上升。所有这些都削弱了资本密集型清洁技术的经济吸引力。需要做的还有很多，包括国际发展机构在内，以提高这些投资水平，弥合能源转型投资步伐上不断扩大的地区差异。  

总的来说，目前的油气支出夹在两种未来愿景之间：一是对于将全球气候变暖控制在1.5°C的路径来说，这一支出太高了，而在政府坚持当前的政策设置、未能兑现其气候承诺的情况下，这一支出又不足以满足全球不断增长的能源需求。  

今天的化石燃料高价格给全球许多经济体带来了痛苦，但也给石油和天然气生产商带来了前所未有的意外之财。今年，全球石油和天然气行业收入预计将跃升至4万亿美元，是5年平均水平的两倍多，其中大部分将流向主要的石油和天然气出口国。

这些意外之财为油气生产经济体提供了一个千载难逢的机会，为他们急需的经济转型提供了资金，也为主要的油气公司提供了更多的投资多样化的机会。

石油和天然气公司在清洁能源上的支出占比正在缓慢上升，其增长主要是由欧洲石油巨头和少数其他公司推动的。总体而言，清洁能源投资占全球油气公司资本支出的5%左右，高于2019年的1%。 

李峻 编译自 阿拉伯贸易网

原文如下：

Energy spend to surge 8% to hit $2.4trn in 2022: IEA

Global energy investment is set to increase by 8% in 2022 to reach $2.4 trillion, with the anticipated rise coming mainly in clean energy, according to a new report by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The growth investment is still far from enough to tackle the multiple dimensions of today’s energy crisis and pave the way towards a cleaner and more secure energy future, the IEA’s World Energy Investment 2022 report noted.

The fastest growth in energy investment is coming from the power sector – mainly in renewables and grids – and from energy efficiency, according to the report. The rise in clean energy spending is not evenly spread, however, with most of it taking place in advanced economies and the biggest country in Asia. And in some markets, energy security concerns and high prices are prompting higher investment in fossil fuel supplies, most notably on coal.

“We cannot afford to ignore either today’s global energy crisis or the climate crisis, but the good news is that we do not need to choose between them – we can tackle both at the same time,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. “A massive surge in investment to accelerate clean energy transitions is the only lasting solution. This kind of investment is rising, but we need a much faster increase to ease the pressure on consumers from high fossil fuel prices, make our energy systems more secure, and get the world on track to reach our climate goals.”

Clean energy investment grew by only 2% a year in the five years after the Paris Agreement was signed in 2015. But since 2020, the pace of growth has accelerated significantly to 12%. Spending has been underpinned by fiscal support from governments and aided by the rise of sustainable finance, especially in advanced economies. Renewables, grids and storage now account for more than 80% of total power sector investment. Spending on solar PV, batteries and electric vehicles is now growing at rates consistent with reaching global net zero emissions by 2050.

Tight supply chains are also playing a large part in the headline rise in investment, though. Almost half of the overall increase in spending is a reflection of higher costs, from labour and services to materials such as cement, steel and critical minerals. These challenges are deterring some energy companies from picking up their spending more quickly.

From a low base, there is rapid growth underway in spending on some emerging technologies, notably batteries, low emissions hydrogen, and carbon capture utilisation and storage. Investment in battery energy storage is expected to more than double to reach almost $20 billion in 2022.

However, despite some bright spots, such as solar in India, clean energy spending in emerging and developing economies (excluding China) remains stuck at 2015 levels, with no increase since the Paris Agreement was reached. Public funds to support sustainable recovery are scarce, policy frameworks are often weak, economic clouds are gathering, and borrowing costs are rising. All of this undercuts the economic attractiveness of capital-intensive clean technologies. Much more needs to be done, including by international development institutions, to boost these investment levels and bridge widening regional divergences in the pace of energy transition investment.

Another warning sign comes in the form of a 10% rise in investment in coal supply in 2021, led by emerging economies in Asia, with a similar increase likely in 2022. Although the biggest country in Asia has pledged to stop building coal-fired power plants abroad, a significant amount of new coal capacity is coming onto the Chinese domestic market.

Overall, today’s oil and gas spending is caught between two visions of the future: it is too high for a pathway aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5 °C but not enough to satisfy rising demand in a scenario where governments stick with today’s policy settings and fail to deliver on their climate pledges.

Today’s high fossil fuel prices are generating pain for many economies but are also generating an unprecedented windfall for oil and gas producers. Global oil and gas sector income is set to jump to $4 trillion in 2022, more than twice its five-year average, with the bulk of it going to major oil and gas exporting states.

These windfalls gains provide a once-in-a-generation opportunity for oil and gas producing economies to fund the much needed transformation of their economies, and for major oil and gas companies to do more to diversify their spending.

The share of spending by oil and gas companies on clean energy is rising slowly, with what progress there is driven mainly by the European majors and a handful of other companies. Overall, clean energy investment accounts for around 5% of oil and gas company capital expenditure worldwide, up from 1% in 2019.