据美国钻井网站2022年7月28日报道，美国石油学会（API）和美国勘探与生产委员会（AXPC）日前发布了一份新的研究分析报告，报告显示了美国丰富的原油资源对国内使用和对全球出口的显著和不断增长的经济效益。
这项研究分析工作由美国国防部智能应急基金（ICF）进行，ICF分析了自2015年12月同意解除美国原油出口禁令以来的6年时间的原油出口和收入情况。研究分析发现，开放原油出口市场促进了美国石油和天然气的开发，在6年的时间里，全球油价平均下降了1.93美元/桶，而美国GDP增加了1610亿美元净收益，美国平均每年增加了近5万个就业岗位。
API总裁兼首席执行官迈克·萨默斯表示：“美国在能源方面的领导地位不仅为国家带来重大利益——推动美国经济和国内就业，提供可靠的能源，帮助降低能源价格压力，而且还加强了全球安全，支持了我们的盟友。”
萨默斯表示：“美国能源出口为全球市场提供了至关重要的稳定，支持我们在世界各地依赖美国能源满足其需求的盟友，并加强美国国内的能源安全。如果美国不出口能源，就为那些不稳定的国家或那些环境标准不那么严格的国家打开大门，让它们填补空缺并从中获益。”
这项新研究分析了自美国国会允许原油出口以来，美国石油和天然气市场发生的变化，并将其与美国石油出口禁令保持不变的假设情况进行了比较。
“正如分析显示，2015年解除原油出口禁令节省了美国人的燃油钱，支持了数千个高薪的美国就业岗位，并减少了美国对外国石油的依赖。当美国受到油价的伤害时，很明显，增加全球原油供应对降低国内能源价格和加强全球能源安全至关重要。”AXPC首席执行官安妮·布拉德伯里如是说。
其好处包括美国消费者在精制石油产品和天然气方面的支出减少920亿美元。美国石油产量增加扩大了全球石油供应，降低了全球原油和成品油价格。由于石油产品的自由贸易，美国的燃料消费者从这些较低的石油产品价格中受益。
API表示，燃料成本降低给美国消费者带来的好处和石油生产商收入增加给美国炼油商带来的利润损失超过了利润损失，过去6年原油出口为美国GDP带来了1610亿美元的净收益。原油出口也使美国贸易差额增加了1780亿美元。
取消原油出口禁令增加了美国的就业岗位，包括油气上游行业的直接就业岗位，如石油工程师和地质学家、工业机械安装和维护、井架操作员、旋转钻机操作员、钻井平操作员和服务设备操作员。 政策变化还创造了间接和诱发就业。总的来说，美国就业岗位平均年增4.8万个。
美国原油产量也有所上升，这使得美国国内油价与国际基准接轨，刺激了更多的钻井活动，导致原油产量增加，以及来自产油井的伴生天然气和天然气液体产量增加。美国原油产量在出口禁令之后增加了18亿桶。
李峻 编译自 美国钻井网站
原文如下：
U.S. Crude Oil Exports Add $161 Bn To GDP Since Ban Lift
The American Petroleum Institute (API) and the American Exploration and Production Council (AXPC) have released a new analysis demonstrating the significant and growing economic benefits of America’s abundant crude oil resources for both domestic use and global export.
The study, conducted by ICF, analyzed the six-year period since a bipartisan Congressional majority lifted a ban on exporting U.S. crude oil in December 2015. The study found that enabling open markets increased oil and natural gas development in America, which, over the six-year period, reduced global oil prices by an average of $1.93 per barrel, added $161 billion to U.S. GDP, and increased jobs in the U.S. by nearly 50,000, on average.
“American energy leadership doesn’t just deliver significant benefits to Americans – fueling the U.S. economy and American jobs, delivering reliable energy, and helping put downward pressure on prices, but it also strengthens global security and supports our allies,” said API President and CEO Mike Sommers.
“U.S. energy exports provide critical stability to the global market, support our allies across the world who depend on American energy to meet their needs and strengthen American energy security here at home. If the U.S. is not exporting energy, it leaves the door open for unstable nations or those with less stringent environmental standards to fill the void and reap the benefits,” he added.
The new study analyzes the changes that have occurred in U.S. oil and natural gas markets since Congress enabled crude oil exports compared to a hypothetical scenario where the ban on U.S. oil exports remained in place.
“As this analysis shows, lifting the ban on crude exports in 2015 saved Americans money at the pump, supported thousands of good-paying American jobs, and reduced our country’s dependence on foreign oil. At a time when Americans are hurting from the price at the pump, it’s clear that increasing the global supply of crude oil is critical to lower energy prices here at home and greater energy security around the globe,” said AXPC CEO Anne Bradbury.
The benefits include decreased U.S. consumer expenditures on refined products and natural gas by $92 billion. Higher U.S. oil production expanded the global oil supply, reducing global crude oil and refined product prices. Because there is free trade in petroleum products, U.S. fuel consumers have benefited from these lower product prices.
The API said that the benefits of lower fuel costs for U.S. consumers and higher revenues for U.S. oil producers outweighed margin losses for U.S. refiners, resulting in a net benefit of $161 billion in U.S. GDP. The export of crude also improved the U.S. Trade Balance by $178 billion.
Lifting the crude export ban has increased U.S. employment, including direct jobs in the Upstream oil & gas sector, such as petroleum engineers and geologists, industrial machinery installation and maintenance, derrick operators, rotary drill operators, roustabouts, and service unit operators. The policy change has also created indirect and induced jobs. In total, U.S. employment rose by an average of 48,000 jobs.
Production of U.S. crude oil production also rose, and it allowed U.S. domestic oil prices to converge with international benchmarks, spurred more drilling activity leading to higher crude oil production, as well as higher production of associated natural gas and NGLs that come from oil wells. U.S. crude oil production, post export ban, rose by 1.8 billion barrels.
免责声明：本网转载自其它媒体的文章及图片，目的在于弘扬石化精神，传递更多石化信息，宣传国家石化产业政策，展示国家石化产业形象，参与国际石化产业舆论竞争，提高国际石化产业话语权，并不代表本网赞同其观点和对其真实性负责，在此我们谨向原作者和原媒体致以崇高敬意。如果您认为本站文章及图片侵犯了您的版权，请与我们联系，我们将第一时间删除。
