2020年美国能源产量创纪录下降

据美国钻井网站2022年8月10日报道，美国能源信息署（EIA）表示，与2019年相比，2020年美国能源产量创纪录下降，主要是由于疫情大流行期间经济活动低迷。  

EIA说，2020年怀俄明州的总能源产量下降幅度最大，减少了1264万亿热能单位，主要是由于煤炭产量下降。根据EIA的数据，2020年美国7个州的年度能源产量出现了至少60年来最大的下降。

为了计算美国的总能源产量，并比较以不同物理单位（如桶、立方英尺、吨、千瓦时等）报告的不同类型的能源，EIA将能源转换为常见的热量单位，称为英热单位（Btu）。 EIA使用化石燃料当量来计算风能、水力、太阳能和地热等不燃可再生能源的用电量。 

美国煤炭产量在2020年下降了创纪录的25%，达到1965年以来的最低水平。2020年，由于几座煤矿关闭，印第安纳州、肯塔基州和怀俄明州的煤炭产量分别下降37%、33%和21%。

从绝对值来看，美国最大的煤炭生产州怀俄明州的煤炭产量下降超过1000万亿英热单位，是所有州中下降最多的。2020年，亚利桑那州最后一座煤矿关闭，煤炭生产完全停止。

2020年，美国原油产量创纪录地下降8%。在32个生产原油的州中，有29个州的原油产量下降，部分原因是疫情期间对运输燃料的需求减少。一个显著的例外是新墨西哥州，那里的原油产量增加216万亿英热单位，比2019年增加11%。新墨西哥州在2021年成为美国第二大产油州。

2020年，美国投入市场的天然气产量下降不到1%，原因是天然气需求和价格在稍暖的一年有所下降。俄克拉荷马州投入市场的天然气产量下降300万亿英热单位，该州页岩产量下降近20%。在俄亥俄州，尽管2020年下降289万亿英热单位（Btu），但该州投入市场的天然气产量仍是2010年的31倍。  

2020年，美国可再生能源产量增长不到1%，其中太阳能产量增长19%，风能产量增长13%，但生物燃料产量下降10%，水电产量下降2%。2020年，加州的水力发电量下降45%，是所有州中降幅最大的，主要原因是大范围的干旱。

2020年，美国年核能发电量下降2%，主要原因是马萨诸塞州等两个核电站关闭。

李峻 编译自 美国钻井网站 

原文如下：

U.S. Energy Production Noted Record Drop In 2020

In 2020, energy production in the United States fell by record amounts compared with 2019, mostly due to decreased economic activity during the Covid-19 pandemic, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said.

Wyoming had the largest drop in total energy production among the states, decreasing by 1,264 trillion thermal units, mostly due to decreased coal production. According to EIA, seven states saw their largest annual energy production decline in at least 60 years.

To calculate U.S. total energy production and to compare different types of energy reported in different physical units (such as barrels, cubic feet, tons, kilowatt-hours, etc.), the EIA converts sources of energy to common units of heat, called British thermal units (Btu). The EIA uses a fossil fuel equivalence to calculate the electricity consumption of noncombustible renewables for wind, hydropower, solar, and geothermal.

U.S. coal production fell by a record 25 percent in 2020 to its lowest level since 1965. Coal production during 2020 fell by 37 percent in Indiana, 33 percent in Kentucky, and 21 percent in Wyoming, as several coal mines closed.

In absolute terms, coal production in Wyoming, the nation’s largest coal producer, decreased by more than 1,000 trillion Btu, the most of any state. In 2020, coal production in Arizona stopped entirely with the closure of its last coal mine.

U.S. crude oil production fell by a record 8 percent in 2020. Production fell in 29 of the 32 states that produce crude oil, in part because of reduced demand for transportation fuels during the pandemic. One notable exception was in New Mexico, where crude oil production increased by 216 trillion Btu – an 11 percent increase from 2019. New Mexico became the nation’s second-largest crude oil-producing state in 2021.

The U.S. marketed natural gas production decreased by less than 1 percent in 2020, as natural gas demand and prices declined during a slightly warmer year. Marketed natural gas production in Oklahoma decreased by over 300 trillion Btu as shale production in the state fell by nearly 20 percent. In Ohio, despite a 289 trillion Btu drop in 2020, marketed natural gas production in the state was 31 times larger than in 2010.

U.S. renewable energy production increased by less than 1 percent in 2020, as solar production increased by 19 percent and wind by 13 percent, but biofuels fell by 10 percent, and hydropower by 2 percent. Hydroelectricity generation in California fell by 45 percent in 2020, the largest decline of any state, mostly because of extensive drought.

U.S. annual nuclear generation fell by 2 percent in 2020, mostly because of nuclear power plant closures in Massachusetts .