2021年全球可再生能源就业岗位飙升至1270万

据油气新闻网9月23日报道，根据日前的《可再生能源与就业：2022年年度回顾》报告显示，尽管新冠疫情的影响挥之不去，能源危机不断加剧，但去年全球可再生能源领域的就业岗位达到1270万，一年内增加70万个新就业岗位。

该报告指出，除了劳动力和其他成本外，国内市场规模是影响可再生能源创造就业的主要因素。

据研究发现，太阳能是增长最快的行业。2021年，该行业提供了430万个就业岗位，超过当前全球可再生能源劳动力的三分之一。

这份新报告是由国际可再生能源机构（Irena）与国际劳工组织（ILO）在美国匹兹堡举行的全球清洁能源行动论坛期间联合发表的。

随着人们对气候变化、新冠疫情复苏和供应链中断的担忧日益加剧，各国对供应链本地化和在国内创造就业机会的兴趣与日俱增。该报告描述了强劲的国内市场是推动清洁能源工业化的关键。并补充道，发展可再生技术出口能力也取决于此。

Irena总干事Francesco La Camera表示，可再生能源就业仍具弹性，并且已被证明是一个可靠的创造就业机会的引擎。我对世界各国政府的建议是推行鼓励在国内扩大体面的可再生能源就业的产业政策。刺激国内价值链不仅会为人民和当地社区创造商机和新的就业机会。还增强了供应链的可靠性，并有助于提高整体能源安全。

该报告显示，越来越多的国家正在可再生能源领域创造就业机会。几乎三分之二这样的工作岗位都在亚洲。仅中国就占全球总量的42%，其次是欧盟和巴西，各占10%，美国和印度各占7%。

国际劳工组织总干事盖伊·莱德表示，人们越来越关注可再生能源领域的工作质量和工作条件，以确保体面和生产性就业。我鼓励政府、工人和雇主组织继续坚定地致力于可持续的能源转型，这对未来的工作是不可或缺的。

该报告着重介绍了一些值得注意的区域和国家事态发展。其中包括东南亚国家成为主要的太阳能光伏（PV）制造中心和生物燃料生产国。

中国是卓越的太阳能光伏电池板制造商和安装商，并在海上风电领域创造了越来越多的就业机会。印度新增了超过10吉瓦的太阳能光伏发电，创造了许多安装工作，但仍然严重依赖进口电池板。

欧洲目前约占世界风力发电量的40%，是风力发电设备最重要的出口商；其正试图重组其太阳能光伏制造业。

非洲的作用仍然有限，但该报告指出，分散式可再生能源的就业机会越来越多，特别是在支持当地商业、农业和其他经济活动方面。

郝芬 译自 油气新闻网

原文如下：

Global renewable energy jobs soar to 12.7 m in 2021 despite Covid

Worldwide employment in renewable energy reached 12.7 million last year, a jump of 700,000 new jobs in one year, despite the lingering effects of Covid-9 and the growing energy crisis, according to the "Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2022" report.

The report identifies domestic market size as a major factor influencing employment generation in renewables, along with labour and other costs.

Solar energy was found to be the fastest-growing sector. In 2021 it provided 4.3 million jobs, more than a third of the current global workforce in renewable energy.

The new report was published by the International Renewable Energy Agency (Irena) in collaboration with the International Labour Organisation (ILO), during the Global Clean Energy Action Forum in Pittsburgh, US.

With rising concerns about climate change, Covid-19 recovery and supply chain disruption, national interest is growing in localising supply chains and creating jobs at home. The report describes how strong domestic markets are key to anchoring a drive toward clean energy industrialisation. Developing renewable technology export capabilities is also dependent on this, it adds.

Francesco La Camera, Irena’s Director-General, said, "Renewable energy jobs remain resilient, and have been proven to be a reliable job creation engine. My advice to governments around the world is to pursue industrial policies that encourage the expansion of decent renewables jobs at home. Spurring a domestic value chain will not only create business opportunities and new jobs for people and local communities. It also bolsters supply chain reliability and contributes to more energy security overall."

The report shows that an increasing number of countries are creating jobs in renewables. Almost two-thirds of all these jobs are in Asia. China alone accounts for 42 percent of the global total, followed by the EU and Brazil with ten percent each, and the USA and India with seven percent each.

ILO Director-General Guy Ryder said: "There is a growing focus on the quality of jobs and the conditions of work in renewable energies, to ensure decent and productive employment. 

"I encourage governments, workers’ and employers’ organisations to remain firmly committed to a sustainable energy transition, which is indispensable for the future of work," he stated.

The report highlights some notable regional and national developments. These include Southeast Asian countries becoming major solar photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing hubs and biofuel producers. 

China is the pre-eminent manufacturer and installer of solar PV panels and is creating a growing number of jobs in offshore wind. India added more than 10 Gigawatts of solar PV, generating many installation jobs, but remains heavily dependent on imported panels.

Europe now accounts for about 40% of the world’s wind manufacturing output and is the most important exporter of wind power equipment; it is trying to reconstitute its solar PV manufacturing industry. 

Africa’s role is still limited, but the report points out that there are growing job opportunities in decentralised renewables, especially in support of local commerce, agriculture, and other economic activities.