丹麦维斯塔斯将建世界最高陆上风力涡轮机

丹麦风能公司维斯塔斯今年9月宣布，它将建造一个陆上风力涡轮机塔，轮毂高度为199米  

巨大的风力涡轮机塔结构有望帮助维斯塔斯获得更强大、更恒定的风力发电，以增加涡轮机的发电量

虽然维斯塔斯目前处于全球领先地位，但其他能源公司可能很快就会赶上来

据油价网10月8日报道，似乎每年可再生能源公司都在寻求生产比以往更大、更创新的风力涡轮机。由于政府和私营企业向可再生能源的研发投入大量资金，可再生能源的运营正变得更加高效、成本更低、更容易扩大规模。随着丹麦维斯塔斯再次宣布其有史以来最高的风力涡轮机计划，这将对风能行业的未来意味着什么? 

各家能源公司都在竞相制造最具创新性的可再生能源设备，无论是续航里程最长的电动汽车、功率最大的太阳能光伏发电设备，还是最高的风力涡轮机。随着世界各国政府向支持从化石燃料向绿色能源转型的能源公司提供激励措施，全球竞争从未如此激烈。 

丹麦风能公司维斯塔斯在今年9月份宣布，它将建造一个轮毂高度为199米的陆上风力涡轮机塔。该塔将与V172-7.2兆瓦涡轮模型一起使用。维斯塔斯表示，这是“目前世界上最高的陆上风力涡轮机塔”。维斯塔斯正与德国公司Max Bögl就该项目展开合作，并计划在德国和奥地利设立办事处。 

这个巨大的风力涡轮机塔结构有望帮助维斯塔斯获得更强大、更恒定的风力发电，以增加涡轮机的发电量。维斯塔斯表示：“特别是中欧的项目，其可用规划空间通常受到限制，这对最大化绿色电力的生产作出了重要贡献。”这个世界最高的陆上风力涡轮机塔计划在2025年开始运营。  

风力涡轮机的塔架对其结构非常重要。机舱和叶片位于塔架的顶部，轮毂高度从地面测量到涡轮机转子的中部。美国能源部(DoE)日前强调了近几年来全球涡轮机高度的显著增长，自1999年以来，陆上风力涡轮机轮毂高度增加了66%，到2021年达到94米。这表明，仅在今年，风能技术就已经取得了长足的进步，维斯塔斯的这个雄心勃勃的项目标志着一个巨大的进展。

然而，其他基础设施也必须随着可再生能源运营的进展而发展。例如，港口、高速公路和船舶必须适应巨大的风力发电结构，特别是当我们进入一个“超大型”涡轮机的时代时。 

虽然维斯塔斯目前处于全球领先地位，但其他能源公司可能很快就会赶上来。考虑到2017年最高发电能力的海上涡轮机为8兆瓦，这是一个重大壮举。  

与此同时，今年早些时候，德国可再生能源公司西门子歌美飒表示将向英国Moray West海上风电场交付60台SG 14-222 DD海上风力涡轮机。每台风力涡轮机的发电能力为14.7兆瓦，并配备了额外的PowerBoost功能以提高性能。西门子将在其位于英格兰东北部的赫尔工厂生产180台B108 IntegralBlades海上风力涡轮机，每台高108米。

在美国，其风能产业正在追赶欧洲和亚洲的竞争对手。通用电气可再生能源公司发布了其Haliade-X海上涡轮机，轮毂高度260米，叶片长107米。通用电气上个月在与西门子歌美飒的官司中败诉，受到了打击。波士顿的一名联邦法官裁定，由于专利侵权，通用电气不能再在美国生产、使用、销售、进口或安装Haliade-X涡轮机。 

通用电气被认为侵犯了西门子歌美飒的413专利。法官认为，如果通用电气不被禁止侵犯该专利，西门子歌美飒将遭受“无法弥补的伤害”。通用电气的两个项目被排除在裁决之外——马萨诸塞州的804兆瓦的葡萄园风1号项目和新泽西州的1.1兆瓦的海洋风1号项目——通用电气将向西门子歌美飒支付每兆瓦额定容量3万美元的特许权使用费。

但随着白宫宣布到2035年海上浮式风力发电能力达到15吉瓦的目标，美国风力涡轮机制造商之间开发创新新设备的竞争可能会继续下去。白宫的一份声明概述道：“政府正在发起协调行动，开发新的海上浮式风力平台，这是一种新兴的清洁能源技术，将帮助美国在海上风力发电方面领先。”

由于风能公司年复一年地推出新的和改进的涡轮机，20兆瓦的竞争没有任何放缓的迹象。尚不确定规模或其他设备创新是否会在生产最多风力发电的战斗中获胜，但风电行业持续的投资意味着，获胜者可能近在眼前。 

李峻 编译自 油价网

原文如下：

Danish Company To Build World’s Tallest onshore Wind Turbine

·     Vestas, a Danish wind energy firm, announced in September that it would be establishing an onshore wind turbine tower with a hub height measuring 199 meters.

·     The giant structure is expected to help Vestas access stronger and more constant wind power, to increase the turbine’s electricity production.

·     While Vestas is out ahead at the moment, it may not be long until other energy companies catch up.

Every year it seems that renewable energy companies are looking to produce bigger, more innovative wind turbines than ever before. As governments and private firms pump funding into research and development in renewable energy, operations are becoming more efficient, lower cost, and easier to scale. With Danish firm Vestas once again announcing plans for its tallest-ever wind turbine, what will this mean for the future of the wind energy sector?

Companies are battling it out to create the most innovative renewable energy equipment, whether that be the longest-range EV, the most powerful solar PV, or the tallest wind turbine. With governments around the world offering incentives to energy firms supporting the transition from fossil fuels to green energy sources, the competition has never been stronger. 

Vestas, a Danish wind energy firm, announced in September that it would be establishing an onshore wind turbine tower with a hub height measuring 199 meters. The tower will be used with the V172-7.2MW turbine model. The firm said it is “currently the world’s tallest onshore tower for wind turbines.” Vestas is working hand in hand with German company Max Bögl on the project and plans to establish locations in Germany and Austria. 

The giant structure is expected to help Vestas access stronger and more constant wind power, to increase the turbine’s electricity production. The firm stated, “Especially for projects in Central Europe that are generally constrained in available planning space, this makes an important contribution to maximising the production of green electricity.” It plans to commence operations in 2025. 

The tower of a wind turbine is highly important to its structure, The nacelle and blades rest on top of the tower, with the hub height being measured from the ground to the middle of the turbine’s rotor. The U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) highlighted the significant growth in turbine height in recent years, with onshore hub height increasing by 66 percent since 1999, to 94 metres in 2021. This shows how far wind energy technology has come just this year, with Vestas’s highly ambitious project marking a huge development. 

However, other infrastructure will also have to be developed in line with progress in renewable energy operations. For example, ports, highways, and ships must be adapted to cope with the giant wind structures, particularly if we’re moving to an era of ‘super-sized’ turbines.

While Vestas is out ahead at the moment, it may not be long until other energy companies catch up.This is a significant feat considering that in 2017 the highest-capacity offshore turbine was 8 MW. 

Meanwhile, earlier this year, Siemens Gamesa said it would be delivering sixty SG 14-222 DD offshore wind turbines to the Moray West offshore wind farm in the UK. The wind turbines have a capacity of 14.7 MW eachand are armed with an additional PowerBoost feature to improve performance. Siemens will be producing 180 B108 IntegralBlades, each measuring 108 metres, in its Hull factory in northeast England.

In the U.S., its wind energy industry is catching up to the European and Asian competition. General Electric (GE) Renewable Energy has released its Haliade-X offshore turbine, with a 260-metre hub height and 107-metre blades. Although GE took a hit last month when it lost a court case against Siemens Gamesa. A U.S. federal judge in Boston ruled that GE could no longer make, use, offer for sale, import, or install the Haliade-X turbines in the U.S. due to patent infringement. 

GE was deemed to have infringed Siemens Gamesa’s ’413 patent. The judge believed that Siemens would suffer “irreparable injury if GE is not enjoined from infringing” the patent. Two GE projects were except from the ruling – the 804 MW Vineyard Wind 1 off Massachusetts and the 1.1 GW Ocean Wind 1 off New Jersey – where GE will be expected to pay Siemens royalties of $30,000 per megawatt of rated capacity for each of the 62 Haliade-X wind turbines installed.

But as the White House announces a target of 15 gigawatts of floating offshore wind capacity by 2035, competition amongst U.S. wind turbine manufacturers to develop innovative new equipment is likely to continue. A statement from the White House outlined, “The Administration is launching coordinated actions to develop new floating offshore wind platforms, an emerging clean energy technology that will help the United States lead on offshore wind.”

As wind energy companies are releasing new and improved turbines year after year, there is no sign of slowing in sight in the race to 20 MW. It is not certain whether size or other equipment innovations will win in the battle to produce the most wind power, but ongoing investment in the sector means the winner is likely not far away.