2022年圭亚那原油出口量跃升164%

据路透社2023年1月14日报道，2022年圭亚那原油出口量跃升164%，主要受产量增长和对这个最新拉丁美洲石油生产国轻质低硫原油需求的提振，特别是在欧洲，原料紧缺的欧洲炼油厂增加进口圭亚那原油以取代产能大国的供应。

根据路透社提供的正式数据，自2019年底由埃克森美孚公司牵头的国际财团开始开采原油以来，圭亚那的原油出口量飙升，去年这个南美洲国家的原油出口收入达到11亿美元。

去年圭亚那政府的原油出口收入份额为11亿美元，远高于2021年4.09亿美元的利润和矿区使用费。全球原油价格的高企使圭亚那去年收入超过了该国最初预计的9.58亿美元。

圭亚那是南美洲面积最小、最不发达的国家之一，圭亚那计划利用其石油财富实现工业化，增加一座燃气发电厂、新建道路和太阳能项目。

在去年2月埃克森美孚公司第二艘浮式生产船启动后，由于欧洲炼油商在爆发地缘政治冲突后寻找原油的替代品，圭亚那原油产量上升，出口增加。

圭亚那目前的原油日产量约为36万桶，并计划在2030年结束前将原油日产量提高到164万桶。

根据Refinitiv Eikon公布的航运数据，圭亚那去年的平均原油日出口量为26.5693万桶，是2021年10.0645万桶的两倍多。欧洲是最大的接收国，接收了49%的原油货物。欧洲去年的接收量超过了亚洲，后者此前一直是圭亚那原油出口的第一大目的地，占34%。

买家名单扩大 

数据显示，生产商还为圭亚那的两种原油等级找到了新的客户，向邻国巴西运送了超过600万桶原油。

圭亚那政府去年接收了大约100批出口货物中的13批。据路透社计算，圭亚那原油出口收入总额超过80亿美元。

去年11月，圭亚那授予bp一份为期12个月的合同，负责销售圭亚那政府的原油份额。官方数据显示，截至2022年，圭亚那自然资源基金余额为14.3亿美元，比上年末的6.076亿美元增加了一倍多。 

李峻 编译自 路透社

原文如下：

Guyana's Oil Exports Double, with Europe Taking Half of Cargoes

Guyana's oil exports jumped 164% last year, boosted by growing output and demand for the newest Latin American oil producer's light sweet crudes, particularly in Europe, where thirsty refiners ramped up imports to replace the third producer's supplies.

Since a consortium led by Exxon Mobil began pumping in late 2019, Guyana's shipments have soared, bringing the South American nation's oil export income to $1.1 billion last year, according to official figures provided to Reuters.

The government's $1.1 billion share of oil revenue was up sharply from a combined $409 million in profit and royalties in 2021. High global prices pushed its take above the country's initial revenue forecast of $958 million.

Guyana, among the smallest and most underdeveloped nations in South America, plans to use its oil wealth to industrialize, adding a gas-fired power plant, new roads and solar energy projects.

Following the startup of Exxon's second floating production vessel last February, output ramped up and exports flowed as European refiners were searching for alternatives to oil in the aftermath of the war.

Guyana is producing about 360,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil and aims to raise output to 1.64 million bbl/d by end of the decade.

Guyana's exports averaged 265,693 bbl/d last year, more than double the 100,645 bbl/d in 2021, according to shipping data from Refinitiv Eikon. Europe was the largest receiver, taking 49% of cargoes. Its volumes outpaced Asia, which had been the first destination previously, taking 34% last year.

Buyer List Expands

Producers also found new customers for the country's two crude grades, shipping over 6 million barrels to neighboring Brazil, the data showed.

The Guyanese government last year received 13 cargoes out of the about 100 exported. Total exports represented over $8 billion in gross oil revenue, based on Reuters calculations.

In November, Guyana awarded BP a 12-month contract to market the government's share of crude. Its Natural Resources Fund ended 2022 with a balance of $1.43 billion, more than double the $607.6 million at the end of the previous year, according to official figures.