据钻机地带1月11日报道，根据代表《交通与环境》(T&E)的一项新研究显示，欧洲石油巨头对氢作为未来运输燃料的赌注实际上并不是那么大。
由Ricardo能源与环境公司开展的这项研究表明，对生物燃料提炼的投资要高出8倍。基于此，T&E指责石油生产商对投资真正清洁的燃料并不认真，而是选择了简单、不可持续的生物燃料选项。
欧洲石油巨头壳牌、英国石油、道达尔、埃尼和雷普索尔都在投资氢燃料，但其中只有一部分是真正的“绿色”。该研究显示，它们的大部分投资都用于降低炼油业务的碳强度，而不是开发绿色运输燃料。
T&E电力和能源经理吉特·德科克（Geert Decock）表示，石油生产商正在将氢作为他们未来的大赌注，但他们对绿色氢的投资少得可怜。相反，他们将新的炼油能力集中在生物燃料上，而生物燃料无法可持续地满足世界的运输需求。这不是一个突破清洁技术界限的行业。
据研究显示，随着越来越多的汽车转向电动，到2035年，欧盟公路运输的石油需求将下降近三分之一。从2035年起，汽油需求将继续下降5%。许多现有的炼油能力将需要关闭，或者为避免成为搁浅资产，将其转化为加工替代燃料。
到2030年，炼油行业计划在替代燃料方面投资420亿美元，其中近75%将用于增加生物燃料产量。仅在新的先进生物燃料工厂上就将投资约21.5亿至32亿美元，到2030年，生产能力将翻一番，达到1000万吨。
根据T&E的分析，这比欧盟可持续采购高四倍。这可能会导致从其他行业获取有限的“废物”产品，如动物脂肪，以及从国外大量进口可疑的食用油。
炼油是当今氢的主要使用者之一，大多数使用的是从化石燃料中提取的碳密集型灰氢。根据这项研究，石油公司正在投资约70亿美元用于所谓的“低碳”蓝氢，以净化他们的生产过程。这是他们用于生产绿色氢燃料和e-燃料的两倍，这些燃料可用于清洁航空和航运。
Decock总结道，在石油生产商投资氢气的地方，大多数都将用蓝氢取代肮脏的灰色氢气生产，蓝氢仍然使用污染性的化石气。炼油商不应将时间浪费在简单、短期的解决方案上，而应改为生产绿色氢气和用于船舶和飞机的e-燃料。
郝芬 译自 钻机地带
原文如下：
Oil Majors Investing 8 Times Less In Hydrogen Than In Biofuels
European oil majors’ big bet on hydrogen as the transport fuel for the future is not so big in reality, according to a new study on behalf of Transport & Environment (T&E).
The study carried out by Ricardo Energy & Environment, the study shows that investments in biofuels refining are eight times bigger. based on that, T&E accused oil producers of not being serious about investing in genuinely clean fuels but choosing the easy, unsustainable biofuels option.
Where Europe’s oil giants Shell, BP, Total, Eni, and Repsol are investing in hydrogen, but only part of this is truly ‘green’. Most of their investments are going towards decreasing the carbon intensity of their refinery operations, not for developing green transport fuels, the study shows.
“Oil producers are promoting hydrogen as their big bet for the future, but their investments in green hydrogen are pitiful. Instead, they are focusing their new refining capacity on biofuels which cannot sustainably supply the world’s transport needs. This is not an industry pushing the boundaries of clean technology,” Geert Decock, electricity and energy manager at T&E, said.
Oil demand for road transport in the EU will fall by almost a third in 2035 as more cars switch to electric, the study shows. From 2035, demand for petrol will continue to drop 5 percent year on year. Much current refining capacity will need to close or, to avoid becoming stranded assets, be converted into processing alternative fuels.
Of the refining sector’s $42 billion in planned investments for alternative fuels up until 2030, almost 75 percent will go towards increasing biofuel production. Some $2.15 to $3.2 billion will be invested in new advanced biofuel plants alone, doubling production capacity to 10 megatons by 2030.
This is four times higher than what can be sustainably sourced in the EU, according to T&E’s analysis. This will likely lead to limited ‘waste’ products like animal fats being taken from other industries, as well as mass imports of dubious used cooking oil from abroad.
Oil refining is one of the main users of hydrogen today, with most using carbon-intensive grey hydrogen made from fossil fuels. According to the study, oil companies are investing around $7 billion in so-called ‘low carbon’ blue hydrogen to clean up their production processes. This is double what they are spending on producing green hydrogen and e-fuels, which could be used to clean up aviation and shipping.
“Where oil producers are investing in hydrogen, most is going towards replacing dirty grey hydrogen operations with blue hydrogen, which still uses polluting fossil gas. Instead of wasting their time on easy, short-term solutions, oil refiners should switch to producing green hydrogen and e-fuels for ships and planes today,” Decock concluded.
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