据天然气加工新闻网3月13日报道，根据美国EIA的《石油供应月刊》显示，2022年，美国乙烷需求增长了约9%，即近20万桶/天。自2010年以来，随着美国石化产能的增加，美国乙烷的产量和消费量一直在增长。美国乙烷产品供应量(乙烷消费量的指标)在2022年平均略低于200万桶/天，7月达到近220万桶/天的峰值。
2012年以后增加的大多数美国石化裂解产能只能使用乙烷作为原料，这意味着乙烷价格高可以减少乙烯产量。根据彭博财经，L.P.的数据显示，在2022年的前六个月，乙烷价格几乎翻了一番，从大约37美分/加仑，或每百万英热单位5.65美元，增至64美分/加仑，或9.67美元/百万英热单位。在2022年第三季度，位于得克萨斯州的亚瑟港和宾夕法尼亚州Monaca的新的乙烯裂解装置投产，总共增加了15.6万桶/天的国内乙烷裂解能力。在此之前，2021年乙烷裂解日产能增加10.8万桶。
美国和国际上的石化厂在蒸汽裂解炉中使用乙烷生产乙烯，这是制造许多塑料和树脂的前体化学品。与美国乙烷裂解能力的提高类似，过去十年，国际上对美国乙烷作为石化原料的需求也在增加，导致出口增加。2022年，美国乙烷年出口量接近45万桶/日，比2021增长22%。美国对亚洲大国的乙烷出口量较2021增加了50%，2022年达到创纪录的平均15.7万桶/日。建造新的乙烷油轮也有助于提高美国的乙烷出口。
在EIA的《短期能源展望》（STEO）中，该组织预测，今年国内乙烷消费量将保持与2022年类似，因为预计在预测期结束之前不会有任何新的美国石化裂解厂建成。EIA预计2023年和2024年的乙烷平均消耗量为210万桶/日。到2024年12月，乙烷的日均出口量将达到50万桶，与2022年的平均值相比，增加了5万桶/天。更多的石化产能将在国外上线，出口产能的增加将推动这些增长。
郝芬 译自 天然气加工新闻网
原文如下：
Driven by petrochemical capacity builds, U.S. ethane increased 9% in 2022
In 2022, U.S. ethane demand increased by approximately 9%, or almost 0.2 MMbpd, according to the U.S. EIA's Petroleum Supply Monthly. U.S. production and consumption of ethane (a hydrocarbon gas liquid used almost exclusively as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry) has grown since 2010, along with the build-out of U.S. petrochemical capacity. U.S. ethane product supplied, a proxy for ethane consumption, averaged just under 2 MMbpd in 2022, reaching a peak of almost 2.2 MMbpd in July.
Most U.S. petrochemical cracking capacity built after 2012 can use only ethane as a feedstock, meaning high ethane prices can reduce ethylene production. Ethane prices nearly doubled during the first six months of 2022, from approximately 37 cents/gallon (gal), or $5.65 per million British thermal units (MMBtu), to 64 cents/gal, or $9.67/MMBtu, according to Bloomberg Finance, L.P. In the third quarter of 2022, new ethylene crackers came online in Port Arthur, Texas and Monaca, Pennsylvania, adding a combined 156,000 bpd of domestic ethane cracking capacity. These capacity additions follow a 108,000 bpd increase in ethane cracking capacity in 2021.
Petrochemical plants in the United States and internationally use ethane in steam crackers to produce ethylene, a precursor chemical for manufacturing many plastics and resins. Similar to the expansion of U.S. ethane cracking capacity, international demand for U.S. ethane as a petrochemical feedstock has also been increasing over the past decade, leading to higher exports. Annual U.S. ethane exports reached close to 450,000 b/d in 2022, up 22% from 2021. U.S. ethane exports to the biggest market in Asia increased 50% from 2021 to a record-high average of 157,000 b/d in 2022. The construction of new ethane tankers has also helped make higher U.S. ethane exports possible.
In the EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), the organization forecasted that domestic ethane consumption will remain similar to 2022 because we do not expect any new U.S. petrochemical cracker plants to be completed before the end of the forecast period. The EIA expects ethane consumption to average 2.1 MMbpd in 2023 and 2024. Ethane exports will average 500,000 bpd by December 2024, up 50,000 bpd compared with the 2022 average. More petrochemical capacity coming online abroad and export capacity additions will drive these increases.
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