印度计划投资20亿美元启动氢气生产

印度本周提出一项20亿美元的补贴计划，以推动国内氢燃料的发展

印度希望以10%的成本激励来激励清洁氢气生产商

印度政府的目标是到2030年前非碳氢化合物燃料占其装机容量的50%，并在2070年前实现净零排放目标

据油价网2023年4月9日新德里报道，印度本周提出了一项20亿美元的补贴计划，以推动国内氢燃料的发展，全球氢燃料的未来看起来更加光明。挪威著名能源研究和商业情报公司挪威雷斯塔能源公司（Rystad）预计，到2035年前，全球氢气管道将增长700%。如果不增加氢气运输基础设施，大多数氢气项目仍将面临一场艰苦的战斗。印度政府正在实施一项20亿美元的补贴计划，以支持和激励绿色氢气燃料生产商。作为这个计划的一部分，各方将通过竞争性招标程序获得成本的10%激励。激励措施将每年逐步减少，招标计划将向已经生产氢气和氨气或拥有可再生能源工厂的公司开放。印度政府预计将颁发大约1300亿卢比用于生产绿色氢气，其余的财政激励将用于支持电解槽的制造。印度生产绿色氢气的总成本预计约为每公斤300卢比(约合3.7美元)，他们希望在未来3年内生产360万吨绿色氢气。

印度政府的目标是到2030年前非碳氢化合物燃料占其装机容量的50%，并在2070年前实现净零排放目标。这个竞标计划预计将吸引一长串印度公司的兴趣。印度政府还计划以每千瓦4440卢比(54美元)的激励措施支持电解槽的制造，他们希望在5年内支持每年大约3000兆瓦的电解槽产能。

凯捷研究院的一份报告显示，62%的全球重工业公司正在考虑用低碳氢气来取代碳密集型系统。能源和公用事业(E&U)公司预计，到2050年前，低碳氢气将占总能源消耗的18%。报告强调说，需要在整个氢气价值链上释放投资，特别是开发氢气基础设施、具有成本效益的电解槽和燃料电池。报告还指出，到2050年前，低碳氢气可以满足高达55%的氢气混合总量。平均而言，到2030年前，E&U公司每年总收入的0.4%将用于低碳氢气，特别是氢能的运输和分配、生产和研发。企业必须在整个价值链中建立正确的协作，确保其承接，开发氢气能力中心，并利用模拟、数字孪生和可追溯解决方案等技术，成功扩展其低碳氢气计划。

在需求方面，大部分的需求预计将来自传统的氢气用户，如原油炼制工业、化工和化肥：94%的原油炼制公司预计到2030年前将对他们的行业产生重大影响；同样，83%的化学品和化肥公司预计会有类似的效果。凯捷研究院调查的参与者表示，他们预计重型运输、航空和海事等新应用将增加对氢气的需求。然而，所有调查参与者仍然认为，在上述领域，特别是在生产、工程和基础设施领域，氢气应用仍存在主要制约因素。Rystad在一份新报告中也提到了这些问题。Rystad表示，由于未来几年氢气管道在中短程运输氢气方面将比容器“好得多”，重点应放在扩大全球绿色氢气管道基础设施上。

未来是光明的，Rystad预测，未来12年全球氢气管道项目预计将增加700%。目前，4300公里的氢气管道中有90%在欧洲和北美。在全球范围内，纸面上和开发初期计划的氢气管道项目约有91个，到2035年左右将有3.03万公里氢气管道投入使用。 

李峻 编译自 油价网

原文如下：

India Looks To Kickstart Hydrogen Production With $2 Billion Plan

·     India, this week, presented a $2 billion subsidy scheme to push domestic hydrogen fuels.

·     India looks to incentivize producers of clean hydrogen with a 10% cost incentive.

·     The Indian government aims to have 50% of its installed power generation capacity by 2030 from non-hydrocarbon fuels and reach its net-zero goals by 2070.

The future of global hydrogen is looking brighter as India, this week, presented a $2 billion subsidy scheme to push domestic hydrogen fuels, and Rystad Energy foresees a 700% growth of global hydrogen pipelines by 2035. Without an increase in hydrogen transport infrastructure, most projects will still face an uphill battle. The Indian government is implementing a $2 billion scheme to support green hydrogen fuel producers. As part of the plan, parties will receive a 10% incentive on their costs, awarded through a competitive bidding process. The incentives will taper down annually, and the bidding scheme will be open to companies already producing hydrogen and ammonia or having renewable energy plants. The government expects to award around 130 billion rupees for the production of green hydrogen and the rest of the financial incentive will be used to support the manufacturing of electrolyzers. India's overall cost of producing green hydrogen is expected to be around 300 rupees per kilo (U.S.$ 3.70), and they hope to produce 3.6 million tons of green hydrogen in the next three years.

The Indian government aims to have 50% of its installed power generation capacity by 2030 from non-hydrocarbon fuels and reach its net-zero goals by 2070. The bidding scheme is expected to attract interest from a long list of Indian companies. The government also plans to support the manufacturing of electrolyzers with an incentive fixed at 4,440 rupees (U.S. $54) per kilowatt, and they hope to support around 3000MW of annual electrolyzer capacity for five years.

A report by CapGemini Research Institute shows that 62% of global heavy industry companies are looking at low-carbon hydrogen to replace carbon-intensive systems. Energy and Utilities (E&U) companies expect low-carbon hydrogen to meet 18% of total energy consumption by 2050. The report highlights the need to unlock investment across the hydrogen value chain, notably to develop hydrogen infrastructure, cost-effective electrolyzers, and fuel cells. The report indicates that low-carbon hydrogen could meet up to 55% of hydrogen mix totals by 2050. On average, 0.4% of total annual revenue is earmarked for low-carbon hydrogen by E&U organizations by 2030, in particular, for hydrogen energy transport and distribution, production, and R&D. Organizations must establish the right collaboration throughout the value chain, secure their offtake, develop hydrogen-competence centers, and harness technologies like simulations, digital twins, and traceability solutions to scale their low-carbon hydrogen initiatives successfully.

On the demand side of things, the lion's share of demand is expected from traditional hydrogen users such as the petroleum refining industry, chemicals, and fertilizers: 94% of petroleum refining organizations anticipate a significant impact on their industry by 2030; similarly, 83% of chemicals and fertilizer companies expect a comparable effect. The participants in the Capgemini survey indicated that they expect that new applications like heavy-duty transportation, aviation, and maritime will increase demand for hydrogen. All participants, however, still see major constraints for hydrogen applications in the abovementioned sectors, especially in production, engineering, and infrastructure. These indicators are also being addressed in a new report by Norwegian consultancy Rystad Energy, although the consultancy is more optimistic about these bottlenecks. Rystad stated that due to the fact that hydrogen pipelines will be “far better” than vessels at moving hydrogen over short- and medium-range distances in the years ahead, the emphasis should be put on expanding global green hydrogen pipeline infrastructure. 

The future looks bright, as Rystad foresees that global hydrogen pipeline projects are expected to increase by 700% over the next 12 years. At present, 90% of the 4300 km of pipelines are in Europe and North America. Worldwide, there are about 91 planned pipeline projects on paper and in the early phases of development, with 30,300 km set to go online by around 2035.