据钻机地带5月17日报道，美国能源部(DOE)宣布，将为补充战略石油储备(SPR)购买多达300万桶石油。
美国能源部在其网站上发布的一份声明中概述，此举是政府补充战略石油计划的延续。美国能源部在声明中指出，这一由三部分组成的补充战略包括：利用紧急销售收入直接采购、根据交付数量获得溢价的交换退货以及确保立法解决方案，避免与供应中断无关的不必要销售，从而在战略上保持数量。
美国能源部在一份组织声明中表示，(这一)声明推进了政府在历史性地释放SPR之后的补充战略，以解决地缘政治冲突造成的重大全球供应中断，并为国内产量增加提供桥梁。
美国能源部补充道，美国能源部致力于执行一项为纳税人提供最佳交易的SPR补充战略，旨在以低于2022年每桶约95美元的平均价格回购原油，同时通过为行业提供确定性来加强能源安全，从而有助于鼓励近期供应。美国能源部指出，其打算在今年晚些时候购买更多石油。
2022年3月31日，白宫的一份情况说明书概述了政府将宣布“历史上最大规模的石油储备释放，在未来六个月内，平均每天向市场增加100万桶石油”。
该情况说明书当时指出，这次释放规模是前所未有的——世界上从来没有在这么长的时间内以每天100万桶的速度释放石油储量。
该情况说明书补充称：“这一创纪录的产量将提供历史性的供应量，在年底国内产量上升之前起到桥梁作用。”
去年11月3日，美国能源部透露，在2022年10月18日宣布出售通知后，已经授予了从SPR购买原油的合同。美国能源部当时在一份组织声明中表示，这些合同的授予完成了政府2022年3月31日宣布释放1.8亿桶原油的声明，以解决地缘政治冲突造成的严重全球供应中断，作为战时国内产量增加的桥梁，并帮助降低美国家庭的能源成本。
美国能源部在其最新声明中强调，SPR仍然是世界上最大的应急原油供应。
根据美国能源信息署(EIA)的最新数据显示，截至2023年5月5日当周，美国在SPR中的原油期末库存为3.62014亿桶。根据EIA数据显示，在2022年5月6日当周，这一数字为5.42994亿桶，在2021年5月14日当周，这一数字为6.30127亿桶。
在本月早些时候发布的最新短期能源展望（STEO）中，EIA预计，2023年和2024年，SPR中的原油期末库存将达到3.456亿桶。在4月发布的上一次STEO中，EIA预测，在2023年和2024年，SPR中的原油期末库存将达到3.452亿桶。
美国能源部网站指出，战略石油储备的建立主要是为了减少石油产品供应中断的影响，并履行美国在国际能源计划下的义务。联邦政府拥有的石油储备储存在墨西哥湾沿岸四个地点的地下盐穴中。
郝芬 译自 钻机地带
原文如下：
USA DOE to Repurchase Up to 3MM Barrels of Oil for SPR
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has announced that it will purchase up to three million barrels of oil for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).
The move is in continuation of the Administration’s three-part replenishment plan, the DOE outlined in a statement posted on its website. This three-part replenishment strategy includes direct purchases with revenues from emergency sales, exchange returns that include a premium to volume delivered, and securing legislative solutions that avoid unnecessary sales unrelated to supply disruptions so as to strategically maintain volume, the DOE noted in the statement.
“[This] announcement advances the President’s replenishment strategy following his historic release from the SPR to address the significant global supply disruption caused by the war and provide a wartime bridge for domestic production to increase,” the DOE said in an organization statement.
“DOE is committed to executing an SPR replenishment strategy that provides the best deal for taxpayers - aiming to repurchase crude at a lower price than the average of about $95 per barrel it was sold for in 2022, while strengthening energy security by providing certainty to the industry in a way that helps encourage near-term supply,” the DOE added, noting that it intends to purchase more oil later this year.
On March 31, 2022, a White House fact sheet outlined that it would announce “the largest release of oil reserves in history, putting one million additional barrels on the market per day on average, every day, for the next six months”.
“The scale of this release is unprecedented - the world has never had a release of oil reserves at this one million per day rate for this length of time,” the fact sheet noted at the time.
“This record release will provide a historic amount of supply to serve as bridge until the end of the year when domestic production ramps up,” the fact sheet added.
On November 3, the DOE revealed that contracts had been awarded for the purchase of crude oil from the SPR following a notice of sale announced on October 18, 2022. These contract awards completed the announcement on March 31, 2022, to release 180 million barrels of crude oil to address the significant global supply disruption caused by the war , act as a wartime bridge for domestic production to increase, and aid in lowering energy costs for American families, the DOE said in an organization statement at the time.
In its latest statement, the DOE highlighted that the SPR continues to be the world’s largest supply of emergency crude oil.
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) latest data, weekly U.S. ending stocks of crude oil in the SPR stood at 362.014 million barrels in the week of May 5, 2023. In the week of May 6, 2022, this figure stood at 542.994 million barrels and in the week of May 14, 2021, the figure stood at 630.127 million barrels, EIA data showed.
In its latest short term energy outlook (STEO), which was published earlier this month, the EIA projected that end of period inventories of crude oil in the SPR would hit 345.6 million barrels in both 2023 and 2024. In its previous STEO, which was published in April, the EIA projected that end of period inventories of crude oil in the SPR would hit 345.2 million barrels in both 2023 and 2024.
The SPR was established primarily to reduce the impact of disruptions in supplies of petroleum products and to carry out obligations of the U.S. under the international energy program, the DOE’s website notes. The federally owned oil stocks are stored in underground salt caverns at four sites along the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico, the site highlights.
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