澳大利亚昆士兰州将投资620亿澳元的绿色能源超级电网计划

昆士兰州已确定州内的12个可再生能源区域，并计划投资于风能、太阳能和抽水蓄能项目

由于昆士兰是澳大利亚最大的温室气体排放州，该项目将大大有助于实现澳大利亚的碳减排目标

这个超级电网计划预计将在可再生能源、建筑业和相关领域创造大量工作机会，而当地居民将获得丰厚补偿

据油价网7月22日报道，作为亚洲煤炭供应的主要来源，澳大利亚正在扩大其对可再生能源项目的兴趣，并对一系列重大可再生能源项目抱有高度期望。澳大利亚已经批准了几个风能和太阳能项目，并预计澳大利亚将在未来十年成为一个主要的绿色氢能源中心。现在，昆士兰州将拥有一个由可再生能源驱动的超级电网。

尽管继续严重依赖化石燃料收入，但澳大利亚已宣布一系列雄心勃勃的气候承诺。2022年，政府宣布将目标设定为到2035年实现80%的电力来自可再生能源。那时澳大利亚也期望结束对煤炭发电的依赖。澳大利亚希望到2050年实现净零碳排放，并在2030年前将甲烷排放减少至少30%。

2022年9月，澳大利亚发布了其昆士兰超级电网基础设施蓝图，旨在实现该州的电力系统脱碳。该蓝图包括到2030年将昆士兰州50%的能源来自可再生能源、支持全国从2005年水平减排30%的目标、提供竞争性定价的能源以及将煤电厂改造为可再生能源场所。

本月，昆士兰州宣布确定了州内的12个可再生能源区域，这些区域将获得其620亿澳元的绿色能源投资的大部分资金。这些区域分为三个地区，其中南昆士兰有五个区域，中部有四个区域，北部有三个区域。昆士兰是澳大利亚最大的温室气体排放州，其中电力发电贡献占这些排放的三分之一，这使得该项目变得更加必要。

政府还计划大力投资风能、太阳能和抽水蓄能项目，所有这些项目都将于2035年前连接到新的可再生能源“超级电网”，包括储能和输电线路。预计到2035年，新的太阳能和风能装机容量将增加约22吉瓦（GW），这将比目前混合化石燃料和可再生能源装机容量的16吉瓦大幅增加。政府将与当地社区进行磋商，召开专家小组，并进行一系列潜在项目评估，以确保获得昆士兰居民的支持。

昆士兰州能源部长米克·德·布伦尼表示，这将是该州有史以来最大的经济转型项目。他表示：“我们国家需要昆士兰州成功转型，政府需要带领社区经历一个过程，并获得对变革的支持。”他还补充说：“我们希望将昆士兰州的转型建立为全国最佳实践案例。”

该项目预计将大幅提升该地区的就业机会，澳大利亚将新增大量的可再生能源、建筑业和其他相关就业岗位。这符合全球可再生能源就业岗位增加的趋势，2021年全球可再生能源就业岗位增加了70万个。尽管曾担心能源就业市场（特别是在化石燃料行业）由于疫情和绿色转型可能出现滞后，但预计在未来几十年绿色能源行业将增加更多的就业岗位。

昆士兰保护委员会主任戴夫·科普曼表示：“传统土地所有者和社区参与设计自己的能源未来，保护我们的生物多样性和丰富的文化遗产至关重要。”昆士兰地方政府协会首席执行官艾莉森·史密斯表示，“他们有权从这些大规模项目中获得经济和社会利益的公平份额”。

政府似乎对此问题非常重视。由于引入了一项旨在加速绿色转型的新框架，昆士兰州的土地所有者预计将获得丰厚补偿以接受在其名下土地上架设输电线路，其中4.5亿澳元用于该项补偿。电网公司Powerlink的超级电网土地所有者支付框架将为接纳新的输电基础设施的土地所有者提供约每公里30万澳元的费用。这远高于其他州如新南威尔士和维多利亚州向土地所有者提供的费用。该公司还预计将对位于新基础设施旁边的土地所有者进行补偿。

如果顺利实施，昆士兰超级电网将为其他州和国家提供一个可供借鉴的蓝图。这个雄心勃勃的项目预计将改变该州的面貌，支持逐步减少对煤炭的依赖，而澳大利亚目前仍严重依赖煤炭，同时在该地区提供数千个新的工作机会。这个超级电网还将大大有助于澳大利亚的碳减排目标和整体绿色转型。

胡耀东 编译自 油价网

原文如下：

Queensland's $62 Billion Green Energy SuperGrid Gambit

Queensland's government has identified 12 renewable energy zones across the state, with plans to invest in wind, solar, and pumped-hydro projects.

As Queensland is the biggest greenhouse gas emitter in Australia, this project will significantly contribute to Australia's carbon cutting targets.

The SuperGrid project is expected to create a large number of jobs in renewable energy, construction, and related sectors, while landowners are set to receive generous payments for hosting transmission lines on their property.

Australia, the source of much of Asia’s coal supply, is expanding its energy interests with high hopes for a range of major renewable energy projects. The government has already approved several wind and solar power operations and expects Australia to become a major green hydrogen hub in the next decade. And now the state of Queensland will become home to a SuperGrid, powered by renewables.

Despite continuing to rely heavily on revenues from fossil fuels, Australia has announced a range of ambitious climate pledges. In 2022, the government announced the target of generating 80 percent of its electricity from renewable energy by 2035. It also expects to end its reliance on coal generation for power by this time. Australia hopes to achieve net-zero caron emissions by 2050, cutting its methane emissions by at least 30 percent by 2030.

In September 2022, the Australian government published its Queensland SuperGrid Infrastructure Blueprint, aimed at decarbonising the state’s electricity system. The blueprint includes the target of 50 percent renewable energy for Queensland by 2030, support for the national aim of a 30 percent emissions reduction from 2005 levels, the provision of competitively priced energy, and transforming coal plants into renewable energy sites.

This month, the Queensland government announced it had identified 12 renewable energy zones across the state that will be awarded the bulk of its $62 billion green energy investment. The zones are divided into three regions, with five zones in southern Queensland, four in central and three in the north. Queensland is the biggest greenhouse gas emitter in Australia, with electricity generation contribution one-third of these emissions, making this project all the more necessary.

The Palaszczuk government aims to invest heavily in wind, solar, and pumped-hydro projects, all to be connected to the new “super grid” of renewable power, storage and transmission lines by 2035. Approximately 22 GW of new solar and wind capacity is expected to be added to the grid by 2035, an increase from the current mixed fossil fuel and renewable capacity of 16 GW. The government will consult with local communities, hold expert panels, and carry out a range of assessments for potential projects to ensure it gains the support of Queensland residents.

Mick de Brenni, Queensland’s minister for energy, renewables and hydrogen, said this this would be the biggest economic transition project the state had ever undergone. De Brenni stated “Our nation needs Queensland to succeed… There’s work to be done by governments to lead communities through a process and to develop that support for change.” He added, “We want to establish Queensland’s transition as a best-practice case study for the nation.”

The project is expected to massively boost jobs in the region, with Australia adding a wide range of renewable energy jobs, as well as construction and other related jobs. This follows a global trend for renewable energy jobs, having seen a global increase of 700,000 jobs in renewable energy in 2021. While there were fears of the energy job market faltering, following the pandemic and due to a green transition, primarily in the fossil fuel industry, many more jobs are expected to be added in the green energy sector in the coming decades.

The director of the Queensland Conservation Council, Dave Copeman, stated “It’s essential that traditional owners and communities are involved in designing their own energy future and protecting our biodiversity and rich cultural heritage.” While the CEO of the Local Government Association of Queensland, Alison Smith, said it’s only right that they benefit from their fair share of the economic and social benefits that will come from these large-scale projects.”

And it seems like the government is taking this issue seriously. Landowners in the stated are expected to get generous payments for accepting transmission lines in their back yard thanks to a new framework introduced to accelerate the green transition, with $450 million earmarked for landowners. The SuperGrid Landholder Payment framework from the company Powerlink will provide around $300,000 a kilometre to landowners that host new transmission infrastructure. This is far higher than the amount offered to landowners in other states, such as New South Wales and Victoria. The firm is also expected to compensate landowners with properties next to the new infrastructure.

If carried out successfully, the Queensland SuperGrid could offer a blueprint for other states and countries to follow. The ambitious project is expected to transform the state, support a transition away from coal – on which Australia continues to rely heavily, and provide thousands of new jobs in the region. The SuperGrid will also contribute heavily to Australia’s carbon cutting targets and its overall green transition