据海上工程网8月14日报道，美国能源部（DoE）近日宣布计划投资高达12亿美元，以推进两个商业规模的直接空气捕获（DAC）项目的开发。
美国能源部选择了路易斯安那州的赛普拉斯项目，作为资金的第一个接收者。该项目由技术非政府组织巴特尔、DAC开发商Climeworks和碳清除公司传家宝碳技术公司合作经营。第二个被选中的设施位于得克萨斯州，由能源公司西方石油公司 (Oxy)的子公司1PointFive及其合作伙伴Carbon Engineering和Worley运营。
据美国能源部称，这些项目代表了基础设施法资助的区域直接空气捕获枢纽方案的初步选择。该方案旨在为建立一个全国性的大规模碳清除站点网络奠定基础，以解决遗留的二氧化碳污染并帮助减少排放。
这两个设施预计每年将从大气中去除超过200万公吨的二氧化碳。据该部门称，这些项目将在得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州创造大约4800个当地就业机会。
这将是迄今为止世界上最大的碳去除工程投资。美国能源部长在一份声明中表示，仅仅削减碳排放量并不能扭转气候变化日益严重的影响；我们还需要清除我们已经排放到大气中的二氧化碳。——几乎所有的气候模型都清楚地表明，这对于到2050年实现全球经济净零增长至关重要。并补充道，“投资美国”计划使这项投资成为可能，通过这项投资，能源部正在为一个对应对气候变化至关重要的直接空气捕捉行业奠定基础——在此过程中改变当地经济，打造更健康的社区。
美国能源部估计，为了达到净零目标，到2050年，每年必须从大气中去除4亿至18亿吨的二氧化碳，并从排放源中捕获二氧化碳。
1PointFive的发言人在一份声明中表示，来自美国能源部的资金将使该公司及其合作伙伴能够与美国能源部的清洁能源示范办公室进行合同谈判。额外的资金将通过推进规划、详细设计、环境许可和采购长期领先设备来支持公司DAC中心的发展。
1PointFive总裁兼首席执行官Vicki Hollub表示，感谢美国能源部在推进直接空气捕获方面的领导作用，并期待合作伙伴关系，在与气候相关的规模上部署这项重要的碳去除技术，并使美国和1PointFive成为展示DAC商业可行性的全球领导者。相信这一选择验证了我们的准备，技术成熟度以及利用Oxy在大型项目和碳管理方面的专业知识来推动技术向前发展的能力，从而充分发挥其潜力。
Carbon Engineering欧洲副总裁Amy Ruddock最近在接受海上工程网(Offshore Technology)姊妹网站Energy Monitor采访时表示，国际能源署(IEA)制定的到2030年每年捕集6000万吨二氧化碳的DAC目标是可行的，但需要改进立法和资金来推进这项技术。
她称，“当你建造这些工厂时，你需要知道你的收入将从哪里来。今天的需求市场是什么？在美国，从大气中进行DAC可以获得180美元/吨的税收抵免，这很好，但要达到每年6000万吨或1亿吨的规模，你需要合规市场”，“从技术上讲，这是一个挑战，但这是可能的。真正的问题是，合规市场将如何支持这种水平的建设”。
郝芬 译自 海上工程网
原文如下：
US announces $1.2bn for direct air capture projects
The US Department of Energy (DoE) has announced plans to invest up to $1.2bn to advance the development of two commercial-scale direct air capture (DAC) projects.
The DoE selected Project Cypress in Louisiana, operated by a partnership between technology NGO Battelle, DAC developer Climeworks and carbon removals company Heirloom Carbon Technologies, as the first recipient of the funding. The second facility chosen for the grant, located in Texas, is run by 1PointFive, a subsidiary of energy company Occidental (Oxy), and its partners Carbon Engineering and Worley.
According to the DoE, the projects represent the initial selections from Bipartisan Infrastructure Law-funded Regional Direct Air Capture Hubs programme. The programme aims to lay the groundwork for a national network of large-scale carbon removal sites to address legacy pollution and help with emissions reductions.
Combined, the two facilities are expected to remove more than two million metric tonnes of from the atmosphere each year. The projects will create approximately 4,800 local jobs in Texas and Louisiana, according to the department.
The investment will be the largest in the world in engineered carbon removal to date. US Secretary of Energy Jennifer M. Granholm said in a statement: “Cutting back on our carbon emissions alone won’t reverse the growing impacts of climate change; we also need to remove the that we’ve already put in the atmosphere – which nearly every climate model makes clear is essential to achieving a net-zero global economy by 2050.”
“With this investment, made possible by Investing in America agenda, DoE is laying the foundation for a direct air capture industry crucial to tackling climate change – transforming local economies and delivering healthier communities along the way,” she added.
The DoE estimates that to reach P net-zero targets, between 400 million and 1.8 billion metric tonnes of CO2 must be removed from the atmosphere and captured from emissions sources annually by 2050.
A spokesperson for 1PointFive said in a statement that the funding from the DoE will enable the company and its partners to enter award negotiations with the DoE’s Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations. Additional funding will support the company’s development of its DAC Hub through the advancement of planning, detailed design, environmental permitting and procurement of long-lead equipment.
“We appreciate the US Department of Energy’s leadership to advance Direct Air Capture and look forward to our partnership to deploy this vital carbon removal technology at climate-relevant scale and establish the United States and 1PointFive as global leaders in demonstrating the commercial viability of DAC,” said 1PointFive president and CEO Vicki Hollub. “We believe this selection validates our readiness, technical maturity and the ability to use Oxy’s expertise in large projects and carbon management to move the technology forward so it can reach its full potential.”
Amy Ruddock, European vice-president of Carbon Engineering, said in a recent interview with Offshore Technology sister site Energy Monitor that DAC targets from the International Energy Agency to capture 60 megatonnes of CO2 per year by 2030 are feasible, but improved legislation and funding is needed to advance the technology.
“When you are building these plants, you need to know where your revenue is going to come from,” she said. “What is the demand market today? There are tax credits available in the US that will give you $180/t) for doing DAC from the atmosphere, and that is great, but to get to the scale of 60 or 100Mt per year, you need compliance markets.”
“Technologically, it is a challenge, but it is possible,” Ruddock added. “The real question is how compliance markets are going to support that level of buildout.”
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