全球石油消费量接近历史最高水平

美国2022年仍是全球最大的石油生产国和消费国，超过了沙特阿拉伯等竞争对手

2022年布伦特原油和西得克萨斯中质原油价格为2013年以来的最高水平，反映出油价的大幅上涨

2022年全球石油消费量接近历史最高水平，墨西哥石油消费量显著增长

据油价网8月22日报道，6月份，英国能源研究所发布了《2023年世界能源统计评论》报告。 正如在之前的文章中所解释的，这就是以前的英国石油公司（bp）的《世界能源统计评论》报告，但bp已经将其出版权移交给英国能源研究所。

《2023年世界能源统计评论》报告在国家一级层面上全面介绍了主要能源的供求情况。每年，本文作者都会写一系列文章来报道《世界能源统计评论》报告的调查结果。

曾经作者讨论了全球二氧化碳排放的趋势，以及《世界能源统计评论》报告的总体亮点。今天作者想谈谈2022年全球石油的生产和消费。

定义石油

值得注意的是，《世界能源统计评论》报告列出了石油生产的几个类别。当美国能源信息署(EIA)报告美国石油产量时，他们报告的仅包括原油和凝析油。凝析油由在天然气井中开采出的轻质液态烃组成。这些主要是汽油和更高范围内的碳氢化合物，它们通常在生产后进入原油流。

另一类可能归入石油生产的是天然气液体(NGL)。天然气液体是在天然气加工厂分离出来的碳氢化合物。这些碳氢化合物确实与伴生气凝析油碳氢化合物重叠，但它们包括乙烷、丙烷和丁烷等较轻的碳氢化合物，而伴生气凝析油主要由戊烷和高碳氢化合物组成。

《世界能源统计评论》报告的石油产量包括原油、凝析油、天然气液体和油砂。然而，《世界能源统计评论》报告了一个单独的原油加凝析油类别，这与EIA对石油生产的定义是一致的。

概述

对于2022年，《世界能源统计评论》报告称2022年全球石油日产量(包括伴生气凝析油和天然气液体)为9380万桶。这比2019年的历史最高水平低大约100万桶，但比2021年的平均日产量高出380万桶。

据报道，2022年全球石油日消费量为9730万桶。据报道，包括生物燃料在内的液体日总消费量为1.003亿桶，再次低于2019年水平，比2021年高出310万桶。

最大石油生产国

在原油加凝析油的常规类别以及包括天然气液体的类别中，美国在2022年都是世界上最大的石油生产国。2014年，美国从沙特阿拉伯手中夺取了全球最大产油国的头衔，此后除了一年之外，美国一直保持着这一头衔。美国2022年的石油产量仅比2019年创下的新高低3.5%，今年有望创下产量新高。

尽管美国的原油日产量仅领先沙特阿拉伯等100多万桶，但考虑到天然气液体，这一领先优势要大得多。包括天然气液体在内，2022年美国的日产量为1780万桶。日产量比沙特阿拉伯多560万桶。这是过去20年美国天然气产量大幅增加的结果，这导致了美国天然气液体产量的大幅增加。

最大石油消费国

美国2022年也仍然是世界上最大的石油消费国，2022年平均石油日消费量为1910万桶。2022年全球石油消费量前10名的平均日消费量增加了4.6%。

与近几年来相比，这份榜单最大的变化是德国跌出了前10名，而墨西哥在2021年的石油消费量增加了20%后跃入榜单。

不断飞涨的原油价格

《世界能源统计评论》报告称，2022年布伦特原油平均价格为每桶101.32美元，西得克萨斯中质原油(WTI)平均价格为每桶94.58美元。这两个价格都比2021年的平均价格高出40%左右，这两个价格都是自2013年以来的最高年平均油价。

结论

总之，《2023年世界能源统计评论》报告全面揭示了2022年全球石油生产和消费的复杂动态。美国作为主要石油生产国和消费国的突出地位凸显了石油行业正在发生的变化。

随着布伦特原油和西得克萨斯中质原油价格达到10年来的最高水平，很明显，能源世界仍是一股充满活力和影响力的力量，影响着全球经济和政策。在市场向前发展的过程中，对这些模式和趋势的深入理解对于驾驭复杂的全球能源格局至关重要。

李峻 译自 油价网

原文如下：

Global Oil Consumption Nears All-Time Highs

·     The US remains the top oil producer and consumer worldwide, outpacing competitors like Saudi Arabia.

·     Brent crude and WTI prices in 2022 were the highest since 2013, reflecting a significant rise in oil prices.

·     Global oil consumption approached record highs, with Mexico making notable gains and being the only top country to report a decrease.

In June, the Energy Institute released the 2023 Statistical Review of World Energy. As explained in previous articles, this was formerly the BP Statistical Review, but BP has handed this off to the Energy Institute going forward.

The Review provides a comprehensive picture of supply and demand for major energy sources on a country-level basis. Each year, I do a series of articles covering the Review’s findings.

In two previous articles, I discussed the trends in global carbon dioxide emissions, as well as the overall highlights of the Review. Today, I want to cover the production and consumption of petroleum.

Defining Oil

It’s important to note that the Review lists several categories of oil production. When the Energy Information Administration (EIA) reports U.S. oil production, they are reporting crude oil plus lease condensate. The latter consists of light liquid hydrocarbons recovered in the field at natural gas wells. These are mostly hydrocarbons in the gasoline and higher range, and they normally enter the crude oil stream after production.

Another category that may be lumped into oil production is natural gas liquids (NGLs). These are hydrocarbons that are separated out at natural gas processing plants. These hydrocarbons do overlap with the lease condensate hydrocarbons, but they include lighter hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butane, whereas lease condensate consists of primarily pentane and higher hydrocarbons.

The Review reports oil production as the total of crude oil, lease condensate, NGLs, and oil sands. However, they report a separate category of crude oil plus condensate, which would be consistent with the EIA’s definition of oil production.

Overview

For 2022, the Review reported 2022 global oil production (which includes lease condensate and NGLs) of 93.8 million barrels per day (bpd). This was about one million bpd short of the all-time high set in 2019, but this was 3.8 million bpd higher than 2021 production.

Consumption was reported to be 97.3 million bpd. Total liquids consumption — which includes biofuels — was reported at 100.3 million bpd, once more just short of the 2019 record and 3.1 million bpd higher than in 2021.

The Top Producers

In both the conventional categories of crude plus condensate — as well as the category that includes NGLs — the United States was the world’s top oil producer in 2022. The U.S. took the top oil producer title from Saudi Arabia in 2014, and has held it in all but one year since. U.S. production in 2022 was just 3.5% short of the record set in 2019 and is on pace to set a new production record this year.

Although the U.S. enjoys a lead over Saudi Arabia  of just over a million bpd, that lead is far greater when NGLs are considered. With NGLs included U.S. production in 2022 was 17.8 million bpd. That’s 5.6 million bpd ahead of Saudi Arabia, and 6.6 million bpd in that category. This is a function of the massive increase in U.S. natural gas production over the past two decades, which resulted in a large increase in U.S. NGL production.

The Top Consumers

The United States also remained the world’s top oil consumer, averaging 19.1 million BPD in 2022.The average consumption increase among the Top 10 was 4.6%.

The biggest change in this list compared to recent years is that Germany fell out of the Top 10, and Mexico jumped onto the list after a huge 20% consumption increase over 2021.

Soaring Crude Prices

The Review reported that Brent crude prices averaged $101.32 per barrel in 2022, and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) averaged $94.58. Both prices were about 40% above the 2021 average, and in both cases represented the highest average annual oil price since 2013.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the 2023 Statistical Review of World Energy sheds a comprehensive light on the intricate dynamics of global petroleum production and consumption. The United States’ prominent position as a leading oil producer and consumer underscores the ongoing shifts in the industry.

With Brent crude and WTI prices reaching the highest levels in a decade, it is clear that the world of energy remains a dynamic and influential force that shapes economies and policies alike. As we move forward, a deeper understanding of these patterns and trends will be crucial in navigating the complexities of the global energy landscape.